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렙틴이 생쥐의 폐포 대식세포에서 Tumor Necrotizing Factor (TNF)-α의 발현을 증가시키는 세포 내 신호전달체계

Title
렙틴이 생쥐의 폐포 대식세포에서 Tumor Necrotizing Factor (TNF)-α의 발현을 증가시키는 세포 내 신호전달체계
Other Titles
Leptin induces Tumor Necrotizing Factor (TNF)-α in mouse alveolar macrophages through an increased Phospholipase D (PLD) activity
Author
이세민
Alternative Author(s)
Lee, Se-Min
Advisor(s)
신재훈
Issue Date
2012-08
Publisher
한양대학교
Degree
Doctor
Abstract
Purpose: Epidemiological studies have revealed that the obesity might be associated with inflammation of respiratory tract and pathogenesis of asthma. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of phospholipase D1 (PLD1) in leptin-induced Tumor Necrotizing Factor (TNF)-α expression and to suggest molecular linkage between obesity and inflammation of respiratory tract. Methods: We investigated whether leptin, one of the typical adipocytokines, receptor plays a role in the expression of proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α through an increased PLD activity in mouse alveolar macrophages (Raw 264.7). Culturing Raw 264.7 cells in vitro, we examined whether candidates of signaling molecules; such as phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ), tyrosine kinase of scr family (Src kinase), PLD, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK); are activated or inhibited in Raw 264.7 cells after treatment of leptin. Then, by inhibition of those molecules, we investigated their role in signal transduction of leptin receptor. Results: Dominant negative PLD1 decreased leptin-induced expression of TNF-α. Treatment with leptin activated PLCγ/Src kinase/mTOR/JNK Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Leptin-induced PLD activation was attenuated by PLCγ inhibitors (Phenylarsine Oxide, PAO) and Src kinase inhibitor (PP2). These results indicate that PLCγ and Src kinase act as upstream activators of PLD in leptin-treated Raw 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the leptin-induced expression of TNF-α was also blocked by inhibition of PLCγ , Src kinase, mTOR and JNK. Taken together, these results indicate that PLD1 acts as an important regulator in leptin-induced expression of TNF-α in Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: We therefore suggest that leptin may contribute to inflammation of respiratory tract by an increased expression of TNF-α through PLD activation, suggesting that the obesity might contribute to lung inflammation on a molecular level.|배경: 최근 세계적인 비만의 증가추세와 더불어 천식이 비만과 연관성이 있다는 사실은 역학적 연구를 통해 증명된 바 있다. adipocytokine 중 대표적인 letin이 면역세포의 기능에 관여한다는 연구들이 있다. 목적: 본 연구는leptin이 alveolar macrophage에 존재하는 수용체에 결합한 후의 세포 내 신호전달과정 및 PLD의 역할을 밝히고, 비만과 폐의 염증반응간의 연관성을 분자생물학적으로 규명하여 비만환자에서 천식 발병의 기전을 설명하는데 기여하고자 한다. 방법: Mouse alveolar macrophage (Raw 264.7 cell)에 leptin (20nM) 을 처리하여 TNF-α의 발현증가 여부를 관찰하고 이 과정에서 신호전달 관련 중간 산물들 (PLC-γ, Src kinase, PLD1, mTOR, JNK) 의 증가 및 활성화를 확인하여 세포 내 신호전달 과정을 밝힌다. 결과: Alveolar macrophage에 leptin (20nM) 을 처리하면 TNF-α의 발현이 증가하였고, dominant negative PLD1 gene을 transfection 시킨 상태에서 leptin을 처리하면 TNF-α의 발현은 증가하지 않았다. leptin 처리시, TNF-α의 발현과 함께 증가했던 PLD activity는 Src kinase inhibitor (PP2), 또는 PLC-γ inhibitor (PAO) 를 처리했을 때 감소하였다. 이 결과는 leptin에 의해 TNF-α의 발현 증가가 일어나는 신호전달 과정에서 PLC-γ와 Src kinase가 PLD1 활성의 상위 조절인자임을 나타낸다. 또한, leptin에 의해 TNF-α의 발현이 증가하는 과정에서 mTor와 JNK의 활성도 증가하였으며, Src kinase inhibitor (PP2), 또는 PLC-γ inhibitor (PAO) 를 처리했을 때 다시 감소하였다. 또한 rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) 를 처리하였을 때도 역시 leptin에 의해 증가된 TNF-α의 발현이 다시 감소하였으며, rapamycin은 JNK의 활성을 감소시키므로 mTOR가 JNK의 상위 조절인자임을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, Leptin은 alveolar macrophage의 수용체에 결합하여 PLD1을 활성화 시키는데 이 과정은 Src kinase, PLC-γ가 매개하며, mTor와 JNK의 활성화도 이 과정에 관여하여 결과적으로 TNF-α의 발현이 증가하게 된다. 결론: 본 연구는 letin이 alveolar macrophage에서 proinflammatory cytokine인 TNF-α의 발현을 증가시키는 세포 내 신호전달 과정 (PLCγ /Src kinase/mTOR/JNK MAPK pathway) 과 PLD의 역할을 규명하여, 비만이 폐의 염증반응을 유발하여 천식의 발병과정에 기여할 것이라는 가설에 대한 생화학적 근거를 제시하였다; are activated or inhibited in Raw 264.7 cells after treatment of leptin. Then, by inhibition of those molecules, we investigated their role in signal transduction of leptin receptor. Results: Dominant negative PLD1 decreased leptin-induced expression of TNF-α. Treatment with leptin activated PLCγ/Src kinase/mTOR/JNK Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Leptin-induced PLD activation was attenuated by PLCγ inhibitors (Phenylarsine Oxide, PAO) and Src kinase inhibitor (PP2). These results indicate that PLCγ and Src kinase act as upstream activators of PLD in leptin-treated Raw 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the leptin-induced expression of TNF-α was also blocked by inhibition of PLCγ , Src kinase, mTOR and JNK. Taken together, these results indicate that PLD1 acts as an important regulator in leptin-induced expression of TNF-α in Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: We therefore suggest that leptin may contribute to inflammation of respiratory tract by an increased expression of TNF-α through PLD activation, suggesting that the obesity might contribute to lung inflammation on a molecular level.
URI
https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/135903http://hanyang.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000420171
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GRADUATE SCHOOL[S](대학원) > MEDICINE(의학과) > Theses (Ph.D.)
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