베토벤 피아노 소나타 Op. 53《발트슈타인》제 1악장 분석연구

Abstract

악기의 발달은 한 작곡가의 작품을 연주함에 있어 새로운 표현력과 새로운 연주 해석을 가능하게 한다고 여겨진다. 본 논문은 이러한 전제를 바탕으로, 악기가 발달함에 따라서 음악적 해석이 어떻게 변화되어 왔는가를 베토벤의 피아노 소나타 Op. 53 ≪발트슈타인≫ 제 1악장을 중심으로 살펴본다. 이러한 접근과 연구는 피아니스트로서 새로운 연주 해석을 이끌어 낼 수 있는 바탕을 마련하기 위한 작업이었다. 창작과 피아노의 발달간의 관계가 밀접 하다는 전제를 증명하기 위해 본 논문은 베토벤이 사용한 3개 피아노의 기능을 정리하였고, 각 피아노가 사용 된 시대의 작품들을 예로 들어 그 내용을 확인하였다. 피아노 악기의 발달을 연구하기 위해서 Op. 53 ≪발트슈타인≫ 창작 당시 베토벤이 사용한 에라르 피아노와, 19세기 이후 피아노를 대변하는 스타인웨이 피아노의 기능 향상을 살펴보았다. 이는 Op. 53 ≪발트슈타인≫의 악보출판사 간에 해석의 차이를 보이는 이유를 밝혀 낼 근거로 활용하고자 하는 목적으로 진행하였다. 원전판과 두 해석판들 간에 보이는 해석의 차이를 페달과 음길이 그리고 악상과 연주 지시어로 분류하여 분석하였다. 이러한 연구가 연구 초기에 세운 ‘악기와 음악 창작 그리고 해석은 밀접한 관계가 있다’라는 가결론과는 다른 결론에 도달하였지만, 의미있는 새로운 결론을 유추할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 새로운 결론은 서로 다른 악보출판사간의 음악해석의 차이는 베토벤의 작품에 표면적으로나 내면적으로 담겨 있는 음악적 요소 중 ‘무엇을 강조 할 것인가?’하는 음악적 해석의 과정에서 발생한 질문에 대한 답의 차이에서 나왔다는 것이다. 악기의 발달이 창작에는 영향을 주었지만, 해석판을 출판함에 있어서는 악기 발달 보다는 작곡가가 작품에 담아 놓은 다양한 음악적 내용 가운데 ‘무엇을 강조할 것이었는가’라는 해석자의 주관적 음악 해석이 주요한 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. | It is widely regarded that the development of musical instruments enables new analysis and the use of new expressions when performing the masterpieces of a composer. Based on this premise, this thesis analyzes how musical interpretation has been changing with the development of musical instruments, by mainly focusing on L. v. Beethoven's Piano Soanata Op. 53 <Waltstein>. This approach helped to provide the ability to analyze music with the new point of view as a pianist. To demonstrate the intimate relationship between composition and the development of piano, this thesis contains information on each of the three different pianos L. v. Beethoven used. The study was proceeded by matching up these pianos with masterpieces of the same era and, as a result, the correlation is confirmed. To research the development of piano instrument, I carefully observed the enhancements of functions of two different pianos: one of them is Erard Piano that L. v. Beethoven used when composing Op. 53 <Waltstein>, and the other one is Steinway & Sons Piano which represents pianos beyond the 19th century. The original edition and two different interpreted editions show a disparity in their analysis. I analyzed these differences by dividing important perspectives into two categories: the pedal and length of a tone and the dynamic. Unexpectedly, this work derived different conclusion from the premise I set at the beginning which was that the development of musical instrument, composition, and analysis of music has intimate relationship each other. Newly derived conclusion is that, those disparities between different editions results not from the development of instruments but from giving a different answer to the question, "What musical factor shall I emphasize in this music?", which occurs during the musical analysis. In Conclusion, though the development of instrument influences the musical composition, the major cause of different analysis of a music is the different personal point of view on each masterpieces.; It is widely regarded that the development of musical instruments enables new analysis and the use of new expressions when performing the masterpieces of a composer. Based on this premise, this thesis analyzes how musical interpretation has been changing with the development of musical instruments, by mainly focusing on L. v. Beethoven's Piano Soanata Op. 53 <Waltstein>. This approach helped to provide the ability to analyze music with the new point of view as a pianist. To demonstrate the intimate relationship between composition and the development of piano, this thesis contains information on each of the three different pianos L. v. Beethoven used. The study was proceeded by matching up these pianos with masterpieces of the same era and, as a result, the correlation is confirmed. To research the development of piano instrument, I carefully observed the enhancements of functions of two different pianos: one of them is Erard Piano that L. v. Beethoven used when composing Op. 53 <Waltstein>, and the other one is Steinway & Sons Piano which represents pianos beyond the 19th century. The original edition and two different interpreted editions show a disparity in their analysis. I analyzed these differences by dividing important perspectives into two categories: the pedal and length of a tone and the dynamic. Unexpectedly, this work derived different conclusion from the premise I set at the beginning which was that the development of musical instrument, composition, and analysis of music has intimate relationship each other. Newly derived conclusion is that, those disparities between different editions results not from the development of instruments but from giving a different answer to the question, "What musical factor shall I emphasize in this music?", which occurs during the musical analysis. In Conclusion, though the development of instrument influences the musical composition, the major cause of different analysis of a music is the different personal point of view on each masterpieces.