LED가로등 광학적 배광 평가에 관한 연구

Abstract

해가 갈수록 지구 에너지 자원의 고갈문제와 관련되어 에너지 절감에 관한 여러가지 방안이 요구되면서 이를 개선하기 위한 많은 노력들이 진행되고 있다. 이를 위하여 세계적으로는 청정개발체제(CDM:Clean Development Mechanism-기후변화협약 총회에서 채택된 교토의정서 제12조 규정에 따라 지구온난화 현상 완화를 위해 선진국과 개발도상국이 공동으로 추진하는 온실가스 감축사업 제도)를 시행하기에 이르었다. CDM제도에 관련하여 탄소배출권 거래제가 시행되고 있다. 탄소배출권이란 정해진 기간 안에 이산화탄소(CO2)배출량을 줄이지 못한 각국 기업이 배출량에 여유가 있거나 숲을 조성한 사업체로부터 돈을 주고 권리를 사는것이다. 실제로 탄소배출권 시장(거래소)은 해마다 급증(05년 108억 달러, 06년 312억 달러, 07년 641억 달러, 2012년 2천달러 추정)하고 있으며, 세계적인 탄소배출권(ECX, BlueNext)도 경쟁적으로 개설되고 있고, 거래규모 또한 급격한 증가 추세이다. CDM제도에서 큰 비중을 차지하는 것이 에너지절감 사업이다. 에너지 절감을 위한 노력의 일환으로 현재 LED기술의 발달에 따른 LED조명 기술이 있다. 그에 따라서 고전력 등기구를 저전력 등기구로 대체하는 추세이다. 이에 또한 기존 고전력의 가로등(나트륨 메탈할라이드)의 200-400Watt 에서 저전력의 LED가로등의 150-200Watt 대체할 수 있는 기술 수준에 이르렀다. 현재의 가로등을 대체 하는 사업은 정부의 추진 과제중에 하나이기도 하다. 본 논문에서는 LED가로등의 광학적 배광 평가에 대한 연구를 하였다. 그에 대한 세부적 항목으로는 실험조건을 확립한다. 각도별 변경은 3단계를 순차적으로 진행한다. 1차적으로 광학시뮬레이션(Light Tool)을 이용하여 배광데이터(IES)를 획득하며, 2차적으로 실물 제품을 배광시험기(Goniometer)로 측정하여 배광데이터(IES)를 획득한다. 2가지 배광데이터(IES)를 바탕으로 가로등 시뮬레이션 프로그램(Relux)으로 결과를 도출한다. 시뮬레이션값과 실제측정된 값의 비교를 통해 경향성 및 DataBase를 구축한다. 비교하는 결과값에는 각도 변경에 따른 평균조도, 종합균제도, 차선축균제도가 있다. 본 논문에서는 배광각도 변경에 따른 최적배광각도를 도출하였으며, 평균노면조도와 종합/차선축 균제도의 상관관계에 대해서 정립하였다. 에너지 절감측면에서도 무효조명 최소화로 인한 소비전력 감소가 되는 것을 검증하였다. 마지막으로 고비용이 요구되는 실제 개발제품이 아닌 시뮬레이션을 통하여 동일한 결과 및 경향성을 획득함에 따라서 기업들에게 개발비의 절감 효과를 이루는 실험적 방법을 제시하였다.| For the last decades, to meet with energy depletion of earth, various solutions are required for energy saving and much of effort to improve energy issue is proceeding currently. For helping forward this movement, CDM (Clean Development Mechanism – Under Article 12 of Kyoto Protocol adopted in UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)), plans for greenhouse gas emission which are promoted by developed and developing countries mutually to prevent global warming) is in force. According to CDM system, carbon emission trading scheme is also in operation. CERs (Certified Emission Reductions) is that within a set period, the companies which are unsatisfied to reduce the carbon footprint purchase the right from other companies such as reforestation companies or companies which have spare carbon emission. Trading volume of CERs exchange is rapidly increased (USD 10.8 billion in year 2005, USD 31.2 billion in year 2006, USD 64.1 billion in year 2007, USD 200 billion estimated in year 2012) and ECX, BlueNext (international carbon emission reduction) is competitively on offer and the trading volume is a sharply growing trend. The most advantage part of CDM system is energy saving business. In the efforts to save energy, LED lighting can be a solution. Meeting with LED trend, low powered lightings are replaced with high powered lightings. LED technical level makes the grade for replacing the 200 ~ 400 W of natrium and metal halide streetlight with 150 ~ 200 W of LED streetlight and changing the streetlight into LED is one of the main issues for each government. This thesis has intensively studied for optical light distribution assessment of LED streetlight. According to detailed issues, establishing the conditions of experiment and issue for variation per angle is proceeded with 3 stages in order. Data of luminous intensity distribution data, IES, is primarily achieved based on optical simulation (light tool) and secondly, it is achieved after the measurement of product with measuring apparatus, Goniometer. Based on afore 2 of luminous intensity distribution data, IES, the result is reflected with program of streetlight simulation, Relux, and through the comparison between measured value for simulation and actual one, tendency and database are secured. Measured values include average intensity of illumination, comprehensive uniformity ratio of illuminance and lane uniformity ration of illuminance as per angular variation. This thesis indicates a optimum luminous intensity distribution according to luminous angular variation of light distribution and establishes correlation between average illuminance of road and lane uniformity ration of illuminance. This thesis shows that minimizing the reactive power lighting leads to deduction of power consumption in energy saving aspect. In conclusion, this thesis proposes the experimental method which shows development expense reduction for companies by achieving same result and tendency through the simulation, not the actual product development required much of expenses.; For the last decades, to meet with energy depletion of earth, various solutions are required for energy saving and much of effort to improve energy issue is proceeding currently. For helping forward this movement, CDM (Clean Development Mechanism – Under Article 12 of Kyoto Protocol adopted in UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)), plans for greenhouse gas emission which are promoted by developed and developing countries mutually to prevent global warming) is in force. According to CDM system, carbon emission trading scheme is also in operation. CERs (Certified Emission Reductions) is that within a set period, the companies which are unsatisfied to reduce the carbon footprint purchase the right from other companies such as reforestation companies or companies which have spare carbon emission. Trading volume of CERs exchange is rapidly increased (USD 10.8 billion in year 2005, USD 31.2 billion in year 2006, USD 64.1 billion in year 2007, USD 200 billion estimated in year 2012) and ECX, BlueNext (international carbon emission reduction) is competitively on offer and the trading volume is a sharply growing trend. The most advantage part of CDM system is energy saving business. In the efforts to save energy, LED lighting can be a solution. Meeting with LED trend, low powered lightings are replaced with high powered lightings. LED technical level makes the grade for replacing the 200 ~ 400 W of natrium and metal halide streetlight with 150 ~ 200 W of LED streetlight and changing the streetlight into LED is one of the main issues for each government. This thesis has intensively studied for optical light distribution assessment of LED streetlight. According to detailed issues, establishing the conditions of experiment and issue for variation per angle is proceeded with 3 stages in order. Data of luminous intensity distribution data, IES, is primarily achieved based on optical simulation (light tool) and secondly, it is achieved after the measurement of product with measuring apparatus, Goniometer. Based on afore 2 of luminous intensity distribution data, IES, the result is reflected with program of streetlight simulation, Relux, and through the comparison between measured value for simulation and actual one, tendency and database are secured. Measured values include average intensity of illumination, comprehensive uniformity ratio of illuminance and lane uniformity ration of illuminance as per angular variation. This thesis indicates a optimum luminous intensity distribution according to luminous angular variation of light distribution and establishes correlation between average illuminance of road and lane uniformity ration of illuminance. This thesis shows that minimizing the reactive power lighting leads to deduction of power consumption in energy saving aspect. In conclusion, this thesis proposes the experimental method which shows development expense reduction for companies by achieving same result and tendency through the simulation, not the actual product development required much of expenses.