법원 판례로 본 만화저작물 분쟁 사례 연구

Abstract

본 연구는 국내의 만화저작물 분쟁과 관련된 법원의 판례를 분석하여 만화 창작자와 만화 관련 기업들이 분쟁에 대처할 수 있도록 시사점을 도출하고자 하는 데에 목적이 있다. 만화저작물과 직접 관련된 9건의 판례를 분석하면 1) 온라인 만화의 재배포에 관한 분쟁 2) 출판만화에 대한 출판권과 2차적 저작물 작성권 관련 분쟁 3) 만화영화에 등장하는 캐릭터를 이용한 캐릭터 상품 보호 관련 분쟁 4) 세계저작권보호협약 이전에 창작된 해외 캐릭터의 보호에 대한 분쟁 5) 만화전집의 편집자로 오인할 수 있는 저작자 표시에 대한 분쟁 6) 만화 제명의 저작권 관련 분쟁 7) 만화 스토리작가와 만화가가 공동으로 작업했을 때의 권리 분쟁 8) 만화와 드라마의 2차적 저작물에 관한 분쟁 9) 실존인물을 바탕으로 만화 캐릭터를 만들었을 때 실존인물에 대한 명예 훼손 관련 분쟁 등으로 정리할 수 있다. 위 사안별 정리를 바탕으로 만화저작물 분쟁에서 얻을 수 있는 시사점은 다음과 같다. 1) 2차적 저작물 작성권의 경우, 창작성과 실질적 유사성에 대한 법적 판단은 엄격하게 적용이 되기 때문에 창작자들이 자신의 권익을 보호하기 위해서는 만화를 창작함에 있어서 창작성을 주장할 수 있도록 구체적으로 표현하여야 한다. 2) 캐릭터 상품에 대한 분쟁을 예방하기 위해서는 계약 시 상대방이 정당한 권리자인지 확인을 하고 캐릭터 상품에 대한 광고, 홍보, 관리와 관련된 자료를 지속적으로 축적 관리하여 분쟁에 대비하여야 한다. 3) 만화의 제작 형태에 따라 단체명의 저작물, 공동 저작물, 편집 저작물 등으로 구분될 수 있으며 자신의 저작물이 어디에 해당하는지에 따라 각각 행사할 수 있는 권리가 다르다는 점에 유의하여야 한다. 4) 만화의 제명은 저작권으로 보호받기가 사실상 힘들며, 실제 인물을 만화캐릭터의 모델로 사용할 경우 긍정적으로 표현하는 이상 예술적 표현의 일환으로 인정해주고 있다는 점을 인식하여야 한다. 5) 사실상 권리를 침해받았더라도 법에서 규정하고 있는 요건들을 제대로 갖추고 있지 않아서 권리 주장을 하지 못하거나, 권리를 잘못 주장하여 침해를 인정받지 못한 사건들이 절반 넘게 차지하고 있다. 따라서 만화 창작자와 만화 관련 기업들은 법에서 규정하고 있는 보호 요건들을 제대로 갖추어 놓을 필요가 있으며, 주장해야 할 권리를 제대로 주장했을 때 자신의 정당한 권리를 법적으로 인정받을 수 있다는 점에 유의하여야 한다. 본 연구는 문화콘텐츠의 여러 장르 중에서 특히 만화콘텐츠에서 문제가 되는 부분이 무엇인지 실제 분쟁의 전반적인 사례를 통해 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 만화 산업의 현장에 있는 창작자와 만화 관련 기업들이 분쟁의 대비책을 강구하는 데에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이며 법적 판단에 있어서도 분쟁을 해결하기 위해 현재 필요한 부분이 무엇인지 알 수 있다. 앞으로 만화저작물 권리자의 정당한 권익을 보호하기 위한 사례 연구들이 축적되어 보다 나은 법적 판단 기준이 정립될 수 있도록 더 많은 연구가 지속적으로 이루어지길 기대한다.| The aim of this thesis is to deduct implications which are in fields of the copyright protection of comics through analyzing precedent cases of comics in order to deal with disputes for creators and corporations which are influenced by comic industry. On the basis of the 9 precedent cases which are directly to the word of comics, there are consist of following issues: 1) a dispute about redistribution of online comics, 2) a dispute closely related to publication rights and rights to generate derivative works of published comics, 3) a dispute about protection of character merchandising using representative comic characters in certain animation, 4) a dispute on the protection of foreign comic characters created before the application of the Universal Copyright Convention in Korea, 5) a dispute about the indication of a name of writers misconceived as editors of comic collection, 6) a dispute about a title of comics, 7) a dispute which can occur when a story artist of comics works in company with a cartoonist, 8) a dispute about rights to create derivative works between comics and dramas, 9) a dispute about defamation of characters when one of characters in comics is based on a real person. According to the analysis of issues of cases stated above, there are main implications about disputes of comics: 1) The legal judgment of the rights to create derivative works is strictly applied to determine both creativity and an actual similarity. Therefore, this thesis strongly suggests that comic artists should express concretely in order to protect their own property and its creativity under the rights. 2) In order to avoid any ambiguous disputes in regard to character merchandising, cartoonists and comics related companies try to confirm who is a party to the transaction before they enter into a contract with the other party. 3) Depending on each producing system, it is divided into an organization work, a collaborative work, and an editing work. This study indicates that comic artists and corporations should make an effort to classify each work into proper category. The reason is that each category can be exercised differently. 4) A title of comics is hard to be protected as copyright itself, and it is necessary to understand when a cartoonist makes a character based on a real person, as long as it expresses the character positively, it could be admitted as a part of artistic expression. 5) There are more than half of cases which were not approved the infringement of rights, even the holder of a right is practically violated other party, because the person did not fulfill necessary conditions in the law, or make a mistake in claiming its accurate rights. For these reasons, it is necessary for cartoonists and corporations to check specifically provisions and requirements in a law in order to protect their own rights and interests. Also, this study implies one clear message when creators insist their own rights correctly; its rights also can be admitted as legally. This study researched the current issues especially in the field of comics on the basis of actual legal dispute cases. It can be helpful to provide certain guidelines that both cartoonists and corporations can discuss ways to prepare for a dispute, and it also allows knowing the necessary parts in the legal judgments to solve existed disputes. Along with this study, much more case studies should be required steadily to provide suitable cartoonists' rights and its interests. In consequence of these studies, it helps to establish specific legal scale in order to protect appropriate comics artists' rights and its interests to creators in the future.; The aim of this thesis is to deduct implications which are in fields of the copyright protection of comics through analyzing precedent cases of comics in order to deal with disputes for creators and corporations which are influenced by comic industry. On the basis of the 9 precedent cases which are directly to the word of comics, there are consist of following issues: 1) a dispute about redistribution of online comics, 2) a dispute closely related to publication rights and rights to generate derivative works of published comics, 3) a dispute about protection of character merchandising using representative comic characters in certain animation, 4) a dispute on the protection of foreign comic characters created before the application of the Universal Copyright Convention in Korea, 5) a dispute about the indication of a name of writers misconceived as editors of comic collection, 6) a dispute about a title of comics, 7) a dispute which can occur when a story artist of comics works in company with a cartoonist, 8) a dispute about rights to create derivative works between comics and dramas, 9) a dispute about defamation of characters when one of characters in comics is based on a real person. According to the analysis of issues of cases stated above, there are main implications about disputes of comics: 1) The legal judgment of the rights to create derivative works is strictly applied to determine both creativity and an actual similarity. Therefore, this thesis strongly suggests that comic artists should express concretely in order to protect their own property and its creativity under the rights. 2) In order to avoid any ambiguous disputes in regard to character merchandising, cartoonists and comics related companies try to confirm who is a party to the transaction before they enter into a contract with the other party. 3) Depending on each producing system, it is divided into an organization work, a collaborative work, and an editing work. This study indicates that comic artists and corporations should make an effort to classify each work into proper category. The reason is that each category can be exercised differently. 4) A title of comics is hard to be protected as copyright itself, and it is necessary to understand when a cartoonist makes a character based on a real person, as long as it expresses the character positively, it could be admitted as a part of artistic expression. 5) There are more than half of cases which were not approved the infringement of rights, even the holder of a right is practically violated other party, because the person did not fulfill necessary conditions in the law, or make a mistake in claiming its accurate rights. For these reasons, it is necessary for cartoonists and corporations to check specifically provisions and requirements in a law in order to protect their own rights and interests. Also, this study implies one clear message when creators insist their own rights correctly