서울 일부지역 노인들의 가구유형에 따른 영양소 섭취실태 및 식사의 질 비교

Abstract

국문요지

현대 사회에서 노인 인구의 비율이 점차 증가함으로써 노인들의 건강과 영양상태에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 노인들의 가구유형에 따라 영양소 섭취와 식사의 질이 차이가 있는지 비교해 보았다. 2011년 7월과 8월, 서울시내 복지관 두 곳을 방문하여 총 347명의 노인을 대상으로 조사하였다. 그 중 54명의 불충분한 데이터를 제외해서 총 293명의 데이터를 Can pro 4.0과 통계프로그램인 SPSS 18.0으로 분석하였다. 조사는 설문지와 1대 1면담을 통한 24시간 회상법으로 이루어졌고 설문지 문항은 생활습관, 식습관 및 영양지식조사, 식이 섭취 기록지로 이루어졌다 . 가구유형은 독거노인(87명-남:13여:74), 부부노인(109명-남:48여:61), 자녀와 함께 사는 노인(97명-남:19여:78)으로 분류하여 분석하였다. 여자노인의 연령은 독거노인군이 가장 높았고 부부노인군이 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 허리·엉덩이 둘레비(Waist Hip Ratio:WHR)는 남자의 경우 독거노인군에서 가장 높았고(0.93), 여자의 경우 자녀동거군에서 가장 높았다(0.91)(p<0.05). 영양소 섭취에서 남자노인은 가구유형에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었으나 여자 노인은 에너지섭취에서 배우자군이 가장 높았고(1476 kcal), 독거군이 가장 낮았다(1320 kcal)(p<0.05). 식이섬유, 단백질, 지질, 칼슘, 칼륨, 구리, 비타민E, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 콜레스테롤은 부부노인군의 섭취가 가장 많았고 독거노인군이 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 비타민A, 나이아신, 비타민B₆는 부부노인군에서 섭취량이 가장 많았고 독거군과 자녀와 동거하는 군 사이에는 섭취량이 거의 차이가 없었다. 식사의 질을 살펴볼 때 식품군별 섭취패턴 결과를 보면 가구유형으로 나눈 세 군 중 남자 독거노인군에서 우유 및 유제품의 섭취가 가장 부족하였다(p<0.05). 여자노인은 독거군의 경우 생선류, 과일류에서 다른 두 군보다 섭취량이 크게 부족했다(p<0.05). 외식횟수와 세끼 식사섭취 여부에서 여자의 독거노인군에서 외식횟수가 가장 적고 남자의 독거노인군에서 세끼를 챙겨먹는 횟수가 적었다(p<0.05). 식품군의 다양성 점수를 평가한 한국인 주요 식품군 점수(Korean's Dietary Diversity Score:KDDS)에서 가구유형으로 나눈 세 군 중 남자 독거군이 KDDS점수가 가장 낮았고 부부노인군이 KDDS점수가 가장 높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 여자노인의 경우도 독거노인군이 가장 점수가 낮았고 부부노인군의 점수가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 따라서 남녀 모두 독거노인군에서는 식품군의 다양성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구결과를 보면 부부노인군의 영양소 섭취 상태가 독거노인군과 자녀와 동거하는 노인군보다 양호했다. 식사의 질에서도 부부노인군이 가장 좋은 식사의 질을 보였고 그 다음은 자녀와 동거하는 노인, 독거노인군 순이었다. 따라서 독거노인과 자녀와 동거하는 노인군들을 위한 무료 급식소나 복지관의 무료 급식의 기회를 확대시켜 균형있는 식사를 제공할 기회를 늘려야 할 것이다. 그리고 이런 노인을 위해 영양교육을 통해 건강식단에 대한 지식을 지속적으로 제공하는 것이 중요하다.

| Abstract Comparative Analysis of Food Intake according to the Family Type of Senior Citizens in Seoul Area

Kwon, Min Kyung Department of Food and Nutrition Graduate school Hanyang University

As the rate of senior citizens living alone increases in the curently aging society, there is much concern about the health and nutritional intake of solitary senior citizens. Therefore, this study compared the nutritional intake of senior citizens according to their family type. In July and August of 2011, two senior citizen welfare centers in Seoul were visited to survey 347 senior citizens. Excluding 54 subjects for which the data was incomplete, information was collected from 293 subjects. The data categories were living alone(LA M:13 F:74 subjects), living with children(LC M:48 F:61subjects), living with spouse(LS M:19 F:78 subjects). The mean age of the women group who lived alone was the highest while the mean age of living with spouse was the lowest(p<0.05). Waist Hip ratio(WHR) was the highest in LA group in male(0.93), and LC group was the highest in female(0.91)(p<0.05). Income was the highest in the LS group in male and female(p<0.05). In terms of caloric intake, LS group were the highest (1476 kcal) while LA group showed the lowest level(1320 kcal) in female group(p<0.05). In nutrient intake, male group did not show difference by family type. However, in female group intakes of energy, fiber, protein, fat, calssium, potassium, copper, vitE, vitB1, vitB2, cholesterol were the highest in LS group, while those were the lowest in LA group(p<0.05). vitA, niacin, vitB6 were the highest in LS group, but were not different among in LA group, and LS group(p<0.05). In quality of meal, LA group in male ate milk product less than any other groups at result of food patterns(p<0.05). LA group in female ate less fish and fruit than LS, LC group (p<0.05). Numbers of eating out were the least in LA group of female(p<0.05). In Korean's Dietary Diversity Score (KDDS) that evaluate food diversity, male groups didn't show significant difference. However LA group in female showed the lowest diversity and LS group in female showed the highest diversity(p<0.05). In conclusion, senior citizens living with spouse were receiving better nutrition than senior citizens living alone or living with children. Therefore, solitary senior citizen who do not live with their spouse should be offered greater opportunities to receive balanced meal at congregational kitchen or welfare center. It is essential to provide continuous nutrition education with these groups in mind to ensure their healthy diet.; Abstract Comparative Analysis of Food Intake according to the Family Type of Senior Citizens in Seoul Area

Kwon, Min Kyung Department of Food and Nutrition Graduate school Hanyang University

As the rate of senior citizens living alone increases in the curently aging society, there is much concern about the health and nutritional intake of solitary senior citizens. Therefore, this study compared the nutritional intake of senior citizens according to their family type. In July and August of 2011, two senior citizen welfare centers in Seoul were visited to survey 347 senior citizens. Excluding 54 subjects for which the data was incomplete, information was collected from 293 subjects. The data categories were living alone(LA M:13 F:74 subjects), living with children(LC M:48 F:61subjects), living with spouse(LS M:19 F:78 subjects). The mean age of the women group who lived alone was the highest while the mean age of living with spouse was the lowest(p<0.05). Waist Hip ratio(WHR) was the highest in LA group in male(0.93), and LC group was the highest in female(0.91)(p<0.05). Income was the highest in the LS group in male and female(p<0.05). In terms of caloric intake, LS group were the highest (1476 kcal) while LA group showed the lowest level(1320 kcal) in female group(p<0.05). In nutrient intake, male group did not show difference by family type. However, in female group intakes of energy, fiber, protein, fat, calssium, potassium, copper, vitE, vitB1, vitB2, cholesterol were the highest in LS group, while those were the lowest in LA group(p<0.05). vitA, niacin, vitB6 were the highest in LS group, but were not different among in LA group, and LS group(p<0.05). In quality of meal, LA group in male ate milk product less than any other groups at result of food patterns(p<0.05). LA group in female ate less fish and fruit than LS, LC group (p<0.05). Numbers of eating out were the least in LA group of female(p<0.05). In Korean's Dietary Diversity Score (KDDS) that evaluate food diversity, male groups didn't show significant difference. However LA group in female showed the lowest diversity and LS group in female showed the highest diversity(p<0.05). In conclusion, senior citizens living with spouse were receiving better nutrition than senior citizens living alone or living with children. Therefore, solitary senior citizen who do not live with their spouse should be offered greater opportunities to receive balanced meal at congregational kitchen or welfare center. It is essential to provide continuous nutrition education with these groups in mind to ensure their healthy diet.