지역사회 재가노인의 약물 사용 실태

Abstract

국 문 요 약

본 연구는 노인의 약물사용 실태 및 약물 사용과 관련된 문제점을 파악하여 노인의 약물사용에 대한 교육지침과 노인의 올바른 약물사용에 관한 간호중재 프로그램 개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 지역사회 노인의 건강상태 및 약물오용실태, 그리고 약물사용 유형에 따른 약물오용의 차이와 약물사용수에 따른 약물오용의 차이를 파악하는 것이다. 연구의 대상자는 광명시에 소재한 K복지관내 노인교실, 노인대학 등을 방문하는 65세 이상 노인들을 임의 표출하여 방문면접조사를 실시하였다. 자료수집 기간은 2012년 10월2일에서 10월12일까지 실시하였다. 연구도구는 박보영(2003)이 개발한 도구와 Ellor와 Kurz(1982)의 도구를 기초로 하여 수정 보완한 엄선미(2005)의 도구를 연구목적에 맞게 수정 보완 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 21.0 program을 이용하여 분석하였다.

연구 결과는 다음과 같다.

1. 약물 사용 유형은 처방약물과 비처방약물을 함께 사용함이 55.9%로 가장 많았고, 처방 약물만 사용함은 39.7%, 비처방 약물만 사용함이 4.4%의 순이었다.

2. 처방약물의 사용수는 1가지가 40.8%, 2가지 33.8%, 3가지 이상은 25.4%였다. 처방 약물의 종류는 고혈압약 34.0%, 관절염약 및 신경통약 17.8%,당뇨약 16.2%, 심장약 6.9%, 위장약 6.5%순이었다. 3. 비처방 약물의 사용수는 1가지가 51.1%, 2가지는 36.4%, 3가지 이상은12.5%였다. 비처방 약물의 종류는 비타민 및 영양제가 38.5%, 감기약 20.7%, 소화제 14.8%, 소염진통제 9.6%의 순이었다.

4. 약물의 오용행위는 저량 사용한 경험이 있다는 33.1%, 과량으로 사용한 경험이 있는 경우는 15.4%, 투약시간을 변경하여 사용한 경험이 27.9%, 투약을 중단한 경험은 29.4% 였다. 타인의 약을 복용한 경험이 있는 경우는 21.3% 이며, 술과 함께 복용한 경우는 5.9% 였다. 다음에 비슷한 증상이 발생 시 복용하려고 약을 일부러 남겨둔 경험이 있는 대상자는 33.8%였다.

5. 일반 약물 사용수가 약물 오용에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 대상자의 약물 사용수는 약물오용중 과량사용(χ²= 6.139, p=.046), 술과 함께 사용(χ²=6.243,p=.044)에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

처방 약물 사용수가 약물 오용에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 저량 사용(χ²= 7.410, p=.025), 투약시간 임의변경(χ²= 6.053, p=.048), 타인의 약물사용(χ²= 8.696, p=.013)에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

비처방 약물 사용수가 약물 오용에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 과량 사용(χ²= 11.606, p=.003), 약물 남기기(χ²=6.715, p=.035)에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

이상을 종합하면 대부분의 노인들이 다양한 종류의 처방약물과 비처방약물을 함께 사용하였고, 약물을 오용하는 것으로 조사되었으므로, 노인 간호 교육 과정에 약물 사용에 관한 간호 내용의 강화 및 체계적인 이론과 실습이 필요하며 노인의 약물오용 간호계획이 이루어 져야 하겠다. 또한 노인을 위한 올바른 약물 사용 교육프로그램과 중재프로그램을 개발하고, 시행할 필요가 있다.

주제어: 약물사용, 약물오용, 노인

| ABSTRACT

A Study on the status of Drug use in Elderly

Su-Hee Jeon Dept. of Gerontology & Dementia Nursing The Graduate School of Information in Clinical Nursing Hanyang University Directed by prof. Nan-Young Lim

This is a study with an attempt to examine the status of elderly drug use in order to provide basic data for the development of nursing intervention program to encourage the elderly to use drugs properly. The purpose of this study is to understand the status of health and drug abuse and to realize the difference of drug abuse depending on the use type or the use frequency of drugs in local community. The subjects for this study is the elderly aged over 65 visiting elderly classes at welfare center located in Gwangmyeong-si, Kyonggi-do from Oct 2 to Oct 12 in 2012 by convenience random s sampling. The tools applied for this study is modified and updated for our purpose based on the research tool by Sun Mi, Uhm(2005) which is predicated on the tools developed by Bo Young, Park(2003) and both Ellor and Kurz together.(1982) The collected data was analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0 program.

The research results of this study are as follows.

1. For the use type of drug, both prescription and non-prescription drug counted 55.9%, only for prescription counted 39.7% and only for non-prescription counted 4.4%.

2. The number of prescription drugs, only one was 40.8%, two kinds were 33.8% and 3 kinds or more were 25.4%. The type of drugs, for hypertension counted 34.0%, both for joint inflammation and for neuralgia counted 17.8%, for diabetes counted 16.2%, for heart counted 6.9% and for stomach counted 6.5%.

3. For the use number of non-prescription drugs, only one was 51.1%, two kinds were 36.4% and 3 kinds or more were 12.5%. For the type of non-prescription drugs, both vitamin and nutritional supplement counted 38.5%, for cold counted 20.7%, for digestive counted 14.8% and antiinflammatory analgesic counted 9.6%.

4. For the drug abuse among the subjects, under-dosed arbitrarily was 33.1%, overdosed arbitrarily was 15.4%, changed medication hours arbitrarily was 27.9% and stopped using drug arbitrarily was 29.4%. In addition, used another person's drugs counted 21.3%, used drugs with alcohol counted 5.9% and stored leftover drugs to use later in case of similar symptoms appear counted 33.8%.

5. The effects of drug abuse according to a number of drug use showed significant influences depending on overdosed drugs arbitrarily(x2 = 6.139, p = .046) and with alcohol(x2 = 6.243, p = .044).

The effects of drug abuse according to a number of prescription drug use showed significant influences depending on under-dosed arbitrarily(x2 = 7.410, p = .025), changed medication hours arbitrarily(x2 = 6.053, p = .048) and used another person's drugs(x2 = 8.696, p = .013).

The effects of drug abuse according to a number of non-prescription drug use showed significant influences depending on overdosed arbitrarily(x2 = 11.606, p = .003) and stored leftover drugs(x2 = 6.715, p = .035).

In summary, most of the elderly people use various prescription and non-prescription drugs with usual drug abuse. It means that a systematic theory and practice should be required in education program of nursing for elderly people. Also, development and implementation of nursing plan for the elderly's drug abuse such as training and arbitration program for correct drug use.

Key words : drug use, drug misuse, elderly; ABSTRACT

A Study on the status of Drug use in Elderly

Su-Hee Jeon Dept. of Gerontology & Dementia Nursing The Graduate School of Information in Clinical Nursing Hanyang University Directed by prof. Nan-Young Lim

This is a study with an attempt to examine the status of elderly drug use in order to provide basic data for the development of nursing intervention program to encourage the elderly to use drugs properly. The purpose of this study is to understand the status of health and drug abuse and to realize the difference of drug abuse depending on the use type or the use frequency of drugs in local community. The subjects for this study is the elderly aged over 65 visiting elderly classes at welfare center located in Gwangmyeong-si, Kyonggi-do from Oct 2 to Oct 12 in 2012 by convenience random s sampling. The tools applied for this study is modified and updated for our purpose based on the research tool by Sun Mi, Uhm(2005) which is predicated on the tools developed by Bo Young, Park(2003) and both Ellor and Kurz together.(1982) The collected data was analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0 program.

The research results of this study are as follows.

1. For the use type of drug, both prescription and non-prescription drug counted 55.9%, only for prescription counted 39.7% and only for non-prescription counted 4.4%.

2. The number of prescription drugs, only one was 40.8%, two kinds were 33.8% and 3 kinds or more were 25.4%. The type of drugs, for hypertension counted 34.0%, both for joint inflammation and for neuralgia counted 17.8%, for diabetes counted 16.2%, for heart counted 6.9% and for stomach counted 6.5%.

3. For the use number of non-prescription drugs, only one was 51.1%, two kinds were 36.4% and 3 kinds or more were 12.5%. For the type of non-prescription drugs, both vitamin and nutritional supplement counted 38.5%, for cold counted 20.7%, for digestive counted 14.8% and antiinflammatory analgesic counted 9.6%.

4. For the drug abuse among the subjects, under-dosed arbitrarily was 33.1%, overdosed arbitrarily was 15.4%, changed medication hours arbitrarily was 27.9% and stopped using drug arbitrarily was 29.4%. In addition, used another person's drugs counted 21.3%, used drugs with alcohol counted 5.9% and stored leftover drugs to use later in case of similar symptoms appear counted 33.8%.

5. The effects of drug abuse according to a number of drug use showed significant influences depending on overdosed drugs arbitrarily(x2 = 6.139, p = .046) and with alcohol(x2 = 6.243, p = .044).

The effects of drug abuse according to a number of prescription drug use showed significant influences depending on under-dosed arbitrarily(x2 = 7.410, p = .025), changed medication hours arbitrarily(x2 = 6.053, p = .048) and used another person's drugs(x2 = 8.696, p = .013).

The effects of drug abuse according to a number of non-prescription drug use showed significant influences depending on overdosed arbitrarily(x2 = 11.606, p = .003) and stored leftover drugs(x2 = 6.715, p = .035).

In summary, most of the elderly people use various prescription and non-prescription drugs with usual drug abuse. It means that a systematic theory and practice should be required in education program of nursing for elderly people. Also, development and implementation of nursing plan for the elderly's drug abuse such as training and arbitration program for correct drug use.

Key words : drug use, drug misuse, elderly