스마트 그리드 환경에서 수요반응을 고려한 전력 시스템의 최적 운영과 효과에 관한 연구

Abstract

Global concerns of conventional energy resources and environmental issues have given rise to the changes of electric power system such as restructuring of the electric power system and advances of modern technologies on the power system. These changes have caused new problems associated with power system operation and planning. Demand response (DR) has been considered as a generation alternative to improve system operation and planning. Currently, with the recent advancements in smart grid technology which are including auto-metering and communication, the more customer participation to power system is extended and the more DR continues to accelerate a paradigm shift from simples to interactive operation in power system in terms of the flow of power and information. In traditional power system, power and information flow is almost one way directional from supply to demand resource. In contrast, in smart grid, power and information flow is two way directional. The smart grid would be transformed into an info-energy net, allowing millions of demand resources, which are including solar PV generation, PEVs, distributed energy resources, and storage system, to share surpluses throughout peer-to-peer network. This intelligent energy net will be able to continuously adjust power flow to both weather conditions and system loads by using the information system, and if the grid is experiencing peak load use and possible overload, the software can direct to curtail the loads with the information system. This dissertation was motivated by the necessity of the standardized information system for the quality transfer of the information. This dissertation, in two viewpoints of the economic- and reliability-aspects, proposed a closed-form expression of customer information from historical DR data, thus providing indices for constructing a customer load response and a reliability models. The dissertation also introduced the new concept of virtual generation resource, whose marginal cost and reliability parameters were calculated in the same form as them of conventional generation units, according to customer information. Finally, the power system operation and reliability planning were proposed by minimizing the system operation cost and the summation of load curtailments with the generation and DR constraints, respectively, and economic and reliability benefits of DR were evaluated and compared with them of conventional generation units.|전력 시스템의 운영자는 첨두 부하 시 종래의 발전기의 대체재로써 수요반응을 도입하여 왔다. 이러한 수요반응은 소비자들의 소비 패턴을 변화시키는 것으로 전력 시장에서 전기 가격의 폭등을 방지하고 전력 공급의 신뢰도를 개선하는 등의 효과를 가진다. 이는 향후 지능형 전력망의 도입과 전력 기술의 발전으로 실시간, 양방향, 신재생의 스마트 수요반응으로 발전할 것이다. 스마트 수요반응은 전기 가격의 신호에 따라 신재생 에너지, 전기자동차, 저장 시스템, 부하 자원으로 구성된 수용가의 통합 에너지 자원을 사고 파는 행위로 정의할 수 있다. 스마트 수요반응에서 수용가의 정보는 각 가정에 부착된 스마트 미터링을 통하여 지능형 전력망의 수요반응 서버(DRAS)와 정보를 실시간으로 교환한다. 이때 수백만의 수용가를 지능형 전력망에 연결 시 정보의 트래픽이 폭발적으로 증가할 것으로 예상되는데 시스템의 운영자에게는 안정된 정보의 전달을 보장하기 위하여 정보 처리 시스템의 설계가 필수적이다. 본 연구는 실시간, 양방향 정보 처리 시스템을 그 목적으로 하여 수요자원의 필수 정보들을 나타내는 일정한 형태의 지표로써 고객 정보를 제안하고 이를 이용하여 수요반응의 한계 비용을 계산하고 그에 따른 전력 시스템의 최적 운영 알고리즘을 개발한다. 또한 수요반응의 신뢰도 모델을 제안하고 그에 따른 전력 시스템의 신뢰도를 평가하고 수요반응의 탄력성과 인센티브에 따른 전력 계통의 경제성을 평가하여 수요반응에 따른 전력 시스템의 신뢰성, 경제성 측면에서 그 효과를 살펴본다.; Global concerns of conventional energy resources and environmental issues have given rise to the changes of electric power system such as restructuring of the electric power system and advances of modern technologies on the power system. These changes have caused new problems associated with power system operation and planning. Demand response (DR) has been considered as a generation alternative to improve system operation and planning. Currently, with the recent advancements in smart grid technology which are including auto-metering and communication, the more customer participation to power system is extended and the more DR continues to accelerate a paradigm shift from simples to interactive operation in power system in terms of the flow of power and information. In traditional power system, power and information flow is almost one way directional from supply to demand resource. In contrast, in smart grid, power and information flow is two way directional. The smart grid would be transformed into an info-energy net, allowing millions of demand resources, which are including solar PV generation, PEVs, distributed energy resources, and storage system, to share surpluses throughout peer-to-peer network. This intelligent energy net will be able to continuously adjust power flow to both weather conditions and system loads by using the information system, and if the grid is experiencing peak load use and possible overload, the software can direct to curtail the loads with the information system. This dissertation was motivated by the necessity of the standardized information system for the quality transfer of the information. This dissertation, in two viewpoints of the economic- and reliability-aspects, proposed a closed-form expression of customer information from historical DR data, thus providing indices for constructing a customer load response and a reliability models. The dissertation also introduced the new concept of virtual generation resource, whose marginal cost and reliability parameters were calculated in the same form as them of conventional generation units, according to customer information. Finally, the power system operation and reliability planning were proposed by minimizing the system operation cost and the summation of load curtailments with the generation and DR constraints, respectively, and economic and reliability benefits of DR were evaluated and compared with them of conventional generation units.