대학생의 자원봉사 참여 동기와 몰입경험이 복지의식 형성에 미치는 영향

Abstract

본 연구의 목적은 대학생들의 자원봉사 참여 동기와 몰입경험이 복지의식 형성에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 대학생들의 사회경험 중 한 분야인 봉사활동이 복지의식을 함양하는데 중요한 교육방법론임을 실증적으로 제시함에 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 크게 두 가지 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째는 대학생들의 자원봉사 참여 동기와 몰입경험은 복지의식 형성에 영향을 미치는가, 둘째는 대학생들의 인구사회학적 특성은 복지의식 형성에 차이를 미치는가이다. 이를 위해 자원봉사 참여 동기, 몰입경험 정도를 독립변수로, 복지의식은 종속변수로 설정하였다. 독립변수인 자원봉사 참여 동기는 4가지 하위 차원(자기 개발적 동기, 대의적 동기, 외부적 동기, 여가적 동기)을 두었고, 종속변수인 복지의식을 구체적으로 측정하기 위해 4가지 하위차원(사회복지 필요의식, 복지제공 의식, 정부 복지책임 의식, 복지 확대 의식)을 두어 살펴보았다. 조사는 편의추출법을 사용하여 온․오프라인으로 수집된 전국 7개 시․도의 자원봉사활동 중인 대학생 262명의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생들의 자원봉사 참여 동기가 높을수록 복지의식이 높게 형성되었으며, 자원봉사에 몰입되어 있을수록 복지의식 형성에 미치는 영향력이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 복지의식에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변수는 몰입이 자기 개발적 동기보다 두 배 이상의 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 자원봉사 참여 동기의 4가지 하위차원 중 복지의식에 영향을 미치는 변수는 자기 개발적 동기와 대의적 동기가 외부적 동기와 여가적 동기에 비해 높게 나타나 대학생들은 자기 개발적 욕구, 즉 능력과 기술을 향상시키거나 경력을 쌓기 위한 동기를 가지며 또한 사회문제에 대한 인식과 더불어 사회에 무언가 가치 있는 일을 하고자 한다고 밝혀졌다. 자원봉사 참여 동기는 복지의식의 4가지 하위차원 중 사회복지 필요인식, 정부의 역할인식, 복지재정 확대인식에는 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나, 복지책임 주체인식은 유의하지 않게 나타났다. 그리고 자원봉사 활동에 몰입이 되어 있을수록 복지의식도 높게 형성되며 복지의식을 구성하는 4가지 하위차원의 영역에서도 정의 상관관계를 보여 복지의식 형성을 설명하는데 주요한 변인이 되었다. 둘째, 대학생들의 인구사회학적 특성 중 전공과 경제수준 만이 복지의식 형성에 유의미한 차이를 보였고 나머지 변수들은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해 대학생들의 자원봉사 참여 동기와 몰입경험은 복지의식 형성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있으며, 전공과 경제수준은 복지의식에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 대학생의 자원봉사활동은 청년시절 개인의 경험을 토대로 사회문제를 인식하고 문제 해결을 고민 할 수 있는 귀중한 시간인 만큼 실천현장에서는 이들의 욕구에 부응하는 자원봉사활동을 경험할 수 있도록 배치․교육을 통해 복지의식이 제대로 형성될 수 있도록 지원해야 할 것이며, 몰입할 수 있도록 환경을 조성해야 할 것이다. 또한 현재 각 대학에서 자율적으로 행해지고 있는 사회봉사는 좀 더 전문적으로 운영될 수 있도록 국가에서도 제도적․재정적 지원이 후속되어야 함을 시사한다. 본 연구는 사회복지의 보편적 패러다임이 확대되어 복지정치가 발의되고 실현되는 이때 우리사회에서 대학생들의 경험에 비춘 복지 태도와 의식이 국민적 합의를 이끌어 내는데 도움이 되기를 바란다.|Abstract

Effects of College Students’Motivation of Voluntary Service Participation and Commitment Experience on Formation of Welfare Consciousness

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of college students’motivation of voluntary service and commitment experience on formation of welfare consciousness and to present that the voluntary service as one of the social experience of college students is the important education method to raise the welfare consciousness. To achieve the purpose of the study, it has been designed largely as two research questions. First, does the motivation of voluntary service participation and commitment experience have an effect on the formation of welfare consciousness?, second, does sociodemographic features of college students have an effect on the formation of welfare consciousness? To test the research questions, the motivation of voluntary service and the scale of the commitment experience were designed as independent variables and the welfare consciousness was set as dependent variables then in order to measure the dependent variables of welfare consciousness specifically, four kinds of sub-factors (social welfare consciousness, welfare providing consciousness, government welfare responsibility, and expanding welfare consciousness) were considered then examined. The survey employed the convenient sampling by collecting data through online and offline then the data from 262 college students who engage in the voluntary service from the 7 cities over the country were used for analysis. The results of the study were as follows. First, the higher motivation of college students of voluntary service was, the higher welfare consciousness was formed and it showed that the more they immersed to the voluntary service, the higher effects on the welfare consciousness was formed. The factor to have the most highly effect on welfare consciousness was commitment which reached more than double effect than that of self-development motivation. In addition, among the 4 sub-factors of the motivation of voluntary service participation, the sub-factor to influence on welfare consciousness was the self development motivation and representation motivation were higher scored than the external motivation and leisure motivation, therefore, it has been turned out that the college students have self-development desire, that is to improve capabilities and skills or motivation to build their career and also pursue to have awareness of social issue as well as carry something of valuable to society. It showed that the motivation of voluntary service participation influenced significantly on the awareness of the welfare finance expansion, recognition of government role and social welfare necessity consciousness among the 4 sub-factors, however, the welfare responsibility was not significantly correlated. In addition, the more commitment to the voluntary service, the higher welfare consciousness was formed and it becomes the major factor to explain the formation of welfare consciousness that presented the positive correlation in the category of the 4 sub-factors that consisted of the welfare consciousness. Second, just major and economic level showed to form the significant difference to form welfare consciousness but the other factors did not find the significant difference. This study finds that college students’ motivation of voluntary service participation and commitment experience have positive effects on the formation of welfare consciousness and major and economic level influence significantly on the formation of welfare consciousness. Thus, just as college students’ voluntary service activities are the invaluable time them to recognize the social issue and consider solving those based on the youth individual experience, it should be supported that through the placement and education in the field of practice, welfare consciousness can be formed properly so that they can experience voluntary service activities to correspond of their desire. In addition, it represents that the national systematical and financial support should be follow up so that the automatically implemented current voluntary service in each college can be more professionally operated. This study expects to be helpful that welfare attitude and consciousness reflected on the college students’ experience in our society could draw the national consensus when the universal paradigm of the social welfare becomes expanded then welfare politics becomes initiated then realized.; Abstract

Effects of College Students’Motivation of Voluntary Service Participation and Commitment Experience on Formation of Welfare Consciousness

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of college students’motivation of voluntary service and commitment experience on formation of welfare consciousness and to present that the voluntary service as one of the social experience of college students is the important education method to raise the welfare consciousness. To achieve the purpose of the study, it has been designed largely as two research questions. First, does the motivation of voluntary service participation and commitment experience have an effect on the formation of welfare consciousness?, second, does sociodemographic features of college students have an effect on the formation of welfare consciousness? To test the research questions, the motivation of voluntary service and the scale of the commitment experience were designed as independent variables and the welfare consciousness was set as dependent variables then in order to measure the dependent variables of welfare consciousness specifically, four kinds of sub-factors (social welfare consciousness, welfare providing consciousness, government welfare responsibility, and expanding welfare consciousness) were considered then examined. The survey employed the convenient sampling by collecting data through online and offline then the data from 262 college students who engage in the voluntary service from the 7 cities over the country were used for analysis. The results of the study were as follows. First, the higher motivation of college students of voluntary service was, the higher welfare consciousness was formed and it showed that the more they immersed to the voluntary service, the higher effects on the welfare consciousness was formed. The factor to have the most highly effect on welfare consciousness was commitment which reached more than double effect than that of self-development motivation. In addition, among the 4 sub-factors of the motivation of voluntary service participation, the sub-factor to influence on welfare consciousness was the self development motivation and representation motivation were higher scored than the external motivation and leisure motivation, therefore, it has been turned out that the college students have self-development desire, that is to improve capabilities and skills or motivation to build their career and also pursue to have awareness of social issue as well as carry something of valuable to society. It showed that the motivation of voluntary service participation influenced significantly on the awareness of the welfare finance expansion, recognition of government role and social welfare necessity consciousness among the 4 sub-factors, however, the welfare responsibility was not significantly correlated. In addition, the more commitment to the voluntary service, the higher welfare consciousness was formed and it becomes the major factor to explain the formation of welfare consciousness that presented the positive correlation in the category of the 4 sub-factors that consisted of the welfare consciousness. Second, just major and economic level showed to form the significant difference to form welfare consciousness but the other factors did not find the significant difference. This study finds that college students’ motivation of voluntary service participation and commitment experience have positive effects on the formation of welfare consciousness and major and economic level influence significantly on the formation of welfare consciousness. Thus, just as college students’ voluntary service activities are the invaluable time them to recognize the social issue and consider solving those based on the youth individual experience, it should be supported that through the placement and education in the field of practice, welfare consciousness can be formed properly so that they can experience voluntary service activities to correspond of their desire. In addition, it represents that the national systematical and financial support should be follow up so that the automatically implemented current voluntary service in each college can be more professionally operated. This study expects to be helpful that welfare attitude and consciousness reflected on the college students’ experience in our society could draw the national consensus when the universal paradigm of the social welfare becomes expanded then welfare politics becomes initiated then realized.