아파트 단지의 녹색건축 인증제도 개선 방향에 관한 연구

Abstract

세계적으로 직면한 환경 위기와 자원 고갈문제로 산업 전 분야에 환경보존과 개발의 공존을 실행하기 위한 방안으로 녹색성장이 요구되고 있다. 특히, 건축물의 경우에는 에너지 소비의 1/3, 자원 소비의 40%, 이산화탄소 배출의 50%를 차지 할 만큼 환경오염의 주범 중 하나로 분류되고 있으며, 이러한 건축물의 건설과정에서의 에너지 절감 및 환경오염 방지차원의 시공이 가능하도록 하는 노력이 요구되고 있다. 이러한 건설산업 분야에서의 환경파괴와 자원고갈 문제를 해결하는 방안으로 각 국가별 녹색건축물 인증제도를 시행하고 있다. 과거에 공업 위주의 경제향상을 추구하던 미국, 영국, 일본 등의 선진국에서는 환경오염에 대한 위기의식이 확산되어 1990년대 후반부터 지속가능한 개발(Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development)에 대한 연구와 실천을 주도하고 있는 실정이다. 우리나라는 2002년 1월부터 건설교통부와 환경부가 연구기관 및 학계·업계의 의견을 들어, 녹색건축물 인증제도(舊, 친환경건축물 인증제도)를 시행하고 있다. 녹색건축물 인증제도의 도입이 만 10년을 지나면서 인증제도에 대한 관심증대와 주거환경의 질적 향상에 대한 관심 확대에도 불구하고 녹색건축물 인증을 취득한 단지의 각 지표별 취득 인증점수 경향 분석에 따르면 공동주택의 인증점수 분포 중에서 외부공간에서의 생태관련 분야가 저조한 점수분포를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 또한, 인증제도 7분야에 포함된 세부 평가항목의 배치의 부적절함으로 인해 인증심사에서 생태관련 분야가 비전문가에 의해 평가되거나 평가에서 제외되는 등 제도의 운영에서 문제점이 발견되고 있다. 건설부문의 환경부하 저감을 위하여 도입된 녹색건축물 인증제도에서 생태관련 분야의 득점이 저조한 원인에 대해 전문가의 의견을 통한 분석과 이의 개선 방향을 도출함으로써 본 인증제도의 목적을 효율적으로 달성할 수 있도록 하는 연구가 필요하다. 이러한 배경을 바탕으로 본 연구는 건설 산업 분야의 에너지 절감 및 환경부하 저감, 환경친화적 거주공간 조성을 위하여 도입되어 최근 개정된 녹색건축물 인증제도의 문제점을 도출하여 개선방향을 제시하며, 특히 외부환경과 밀접한 관련이 있는 생태관련 지표의 득점이 저조한 원인과 이를 해결하기 위한 방안을 도출하기 위한 목적을 가지고, 현업에서 인증제도와 관련된 업무를 진행하는 전문가의 의견을 통해 개선방향을 제시하는데 주력하여 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출 하였다. 첫째, 녹색건축물 인증제도의 효율성을 높이기 위해서는 ‘인증제도의 배점기준의 조정’이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 7개 분야별 ‘최소취득점수 획득기준’을 설정하거나, ‘분야별 과락제도’를 도입하여야 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 기존대지의 생태학적 가치 평가항목에 대하여는 항목 평가시 ‘표토, 식생, 습지 등 기존대지의 생태계 요소를 함께 평가’해야 하는 의견에 합의를 이루었다. 셋째, 우수부하 절감대책 타당성 평가항목에 대하여는 현재의 ‘평가기준을 보완’하여야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 생태환경의 건강성을 높이는데 효율적으로 대처하며 도시문제중 하나인 도시홍수를 예방하는 효과를 함께 얻도록 하기 위해 평가항목의 보완이 필요하다는 의견으로 사료된다. 넷째, 비오톱 조성기준과 관련하여 현재의 평가기준에서는 인증제도의 목적에 효율적으로 대처하지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다. 비오톱의 평가시 단순히 비오톱의 조성 개수에 따라 평가되는 평가기준에 대하여 실질적인 비오톱의 역할을 수행하는지 여부를 평가하는 기준으로의 보완이 필요하다는 의견으로 볼 수 있다. 다섯째, 현재의 인증제도에 대한 개선사항으로 ‘계획부지의 내부와 외부환경이 연결 될 수 있는 평가항목의 추가가 필요’하다는 의견에 합의가 나타났다. ‘평가분야별 최소점수취득의무화 또는 과락제도의 도입’이 필요하다는 의견도 전문가의 합의를 통해 이끌어 낼 수 있었다. 또한, ‘생태환경과 관련된 다양한 평가항목의 평가분야 분류가 조정’되어야 한다는 의견도 전문가의 합의를 통해 도출되었다. 본 연구를 통한 분석의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 최근 개정된 녹색건축물 인증은 제도 본연의 역할을 수행하기에 부족한 부분이 많은 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 평가분야 및 항목, 배점기준 등에서의 보완이 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 또한, 지속적으로 대두되고 있는 환경문제에 대응하기 위해서는 토양, 우수 및 생물과 그 서식처에 대한 보다 신중한 고려와 함께 주변 환경과 조화를 이루며 상호 연결될 수 있는 개발이 이루어지도록 평가기준을 보완해야 하는 것으로 결론을 낼 수 있다.|With the problems of natural disaster and exhaustion of resource we are facing, in all areas, for environmental conversation and development, green growth is being required. Specially, in the case of building, it is arising as one of the main culprits of environmental pollution with 1/3 of energy consumption, 40% of resource consumption, and 50% of emission of carbon dioxide. and during the during the process of such construction process, efforts of reduction of energy and, prevention of environmental pollution is being demanded. As the way of solving such destruction of the environment and exhaustion of resource, each country is practicing green building certification system. Developed nations like US, England, and Japan have spread the consciousness of crisis about environmental pollution that study of Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development and performance is taking place. In Korea, by hearing opinions from research institutes and academies like Ministry of Construction and Transportation, and Ministry of Environment since Jan. 2002, green building certification system is being held. Even though the introduction of green building certification system has taken place for 10 years and expanded interest towards the system and qualitative improvement of residential environment, followed by the tendency analysis on areas where green building certification took place, it is showing low score distribution on exterior spaces. Also, due to the impropriety on detailed evaluation articles in the certification system included in 7 sections, eco-related sections are being judged bu non-professionals or are being excluded from evaluation. For reduction of environmental load in construction, which is green building certification system, there is need for professionals to analyze and look for reasons of low sore in eco-related areas. Under such background, this study draws problems and suggests improvement direction of currently revised green building certification system for eco-friendly residential environment and reduction of environmental load and energy, and especially, holds the aim of drawing reasons for low score in external environment related areas and through the opinion of professional, we ended up with the following research result. First, to increase the effect of green building certification system, 'adjustment of criteria in the certification system' is needed. It came out that 'Minimum acquired score criterion' or 'sectional failing system' shall be introduced in 7 areas to solve such problem. Second, about existing site's value evaluation item, 'evaluation of ecosystem elements like topsoil, vegetation, wetland' came out as one of the solutions. Third, about evaluation article of excellent subordinate validity, 'supplementation of evaluation criteria' came out as solution. To have the effect of prevention in urban flood which is one of the urban problems and to increase condition of ecological environment, supplementation of evaluation criteria is needed. Fourth, related to bio-top construction standard, it is not effectively dealing with the aims to certification system. When evaluation of bio-top takes place, there is need of supplementing the real role of the bio-top concerning the number of construction. Fifth, for improvement of current certification system, 'addition of evaluation criteria connecting planned site interior and external environment' came out as a solution. 'There was another opinion of 'introducing failing system and obligation of minimum score per evaluation criteria'. Also, 'adjustment of various evaluation criteria in relation to ecological environment' came out to be a solution. Aggregating the research results of the study, the current green building certification system holds many problems to practice its role, and supplementation of evaluation section and criteria, scoring criteria is needed. Also, to counteract to the continuous environmental problems, careful consideration and development connected to surrounding environment such as soil and melancholy shall be supplemented in areas of valuation basis.; With the problems of natural disaster and exhaustion of resource we are facing, in all areas, for environmental conversation and development, green growth is being required. Specially, in the case of building, it is arising as one of the main culprits of environmental pollution with 1/3 of energy consumption, 40% of resource consumption, and 50% of emission of carbon dioxide. and during the during the process of such construction process, efforts of reduction of energy and, prevention of environmental pollution is being demanded. As the way of solving such destruction of the environment and exhaustion of resource, each country is practicing green building certification system. Developed nations like US, England, and Japan have spread the consciousness of crisis about environmental pollution that study of Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development and performance is taking place. In Korea, by hearing opinions from research institutes and academies like Ministry of Construction and Transportation, and Ministry of Environment since Jan. 2002, green building certification system is being held. Even though the introduction of green building certification system has taken place for 10 years and expanded interest towards the system and qualitative improvement of residential environment, followed by the tendency analysis on areas where green building certification took place, it is showing low score distribution on exterior spaces. Also, due to the impropriety on detailed evaluation articles in the certification system included in 7 sections, eco-related sections are being judged bu non-professionals or are being excluded from evaluation. For reduction of environmental load in construction, which is green building certification system, there is need for professionals to analyze and look for reasons of low sore in eco-related areas. Under such background, this study draws problems and suggests improvement direction of currently revised green building certification system for eco-friendly residential environment and reduction of environmental load and energy, and especially, holds the aim of drawing reasons for low score in external environment related areas and through the opinion of professional, we ended up with the following research result. First, to increase the effect of green building certification system, 'adjustment of criteria in the certification system' is needed. It came out that 'Minimum acquired score criterion' or 'sectional failing system' shall be introduced in 7 areas to solve such problem. Second, about existing site's value evaluation item, 'evaluation of ecosystem elements like topsoil, vegetation, wetland' came out as one of the solutions. Third, about evaluation article of excellent subordinate validity, 'supplementation of evaluation criteria' came out as solution. To have the effect of prevention in urban flood which is one of the urban problems and to increase condition of ecological environment, supplementation of evaluation criteria is needed. Fourth, related to bio-top construction standard, it is not effectively dealing with the aims to certification system. When evaluation of bio-top takes place, there is need of supplementing the real role of the bio-top concerning the number of construction. Fifth, for improvement of current certification system, 'addition of evaluation criteria connecting planned site interior and external environment' came out as a solution. 'There was another opinion of 'introducing failing system and obligation of minimum score per evaluation criteria'. Also, 'adjustment of various evaluation criteria in relation to ecological environment' came out to be a solution. Aggregating the research results of the study, the current green building certification system holds many problems to practice its role, and supplementation of evaluation section and criteria, scoring criteria is needed. Also, to counteract to the continuous environmental problems, careful consideration and development connected to surrounding environment such as soil and melancholy shall be supplemented in areas of valuation basis.