문화 컨버전스 시대의 한국창작무용 활성화 방안

Abstract

본 연구는 한국창작무용이 문화 컨버전스(Convergence) 시대에 사회가 요구하는 새로운 가치를 실현해내고, 작품을 통한 대중들과의 소통, 수익적 가치 창출 등 활성화를 이루기 위한 방안을 연구하였다. 그 방법으로는 국제스포츠대회의 문화행사와 태양의서커스 작품을 선정하여 컨버전스의 각 세 가지 형태 아날로그(Analogue), 디지털(Digital), 디지로그(Digilog) 컨버전스로 분리하여 대표적 사례분석을 하였다. 그리고 각 작품에 나타난 긍정적인 컨버전스 형태를 도출하여 한국창작무용작품에 활용 또는 도입 방안을 제시하는 것으로 진행하였다. 국제스포츠대회 개최 목적은 스포츠의 근간을 이루는 신체적, 정신적 자질의 발전을 도모하고, 이를 통한 상호이해와 우의증진 정신으로 평화로운 세계를 건설하여 국제친선을 이루고자 함에 있다. 이를 도모하기 위해 열리는 개·폐회식 문화행사는 최첨단 장비 개발과 기술력을 축적하여 세계의 문화 트렌드(Trend)를 형성시키고, 정치, 경제, 문화, 예술, 스포츠 등 모든 분야에 각 시대와 사회가 요구하는 새로운 가치 창출에 기여하였다. 우리나라 역시 국제문화행사 개최를 계기로 공연예술에 대한 정부 및 기업의 지원 등 정치, 경제, 사회적으로 춤을 둘러싼 외부문화 환경의 변화와 대중들의 춤 문화에 대한 인식에 변화를 가져왔다. 그리고 한국무용계에도 결정적 발전의 시발점이 되었으며, 문화 컨버전스(Convergence)시대를 예고하였다. 각 시대마다 비언어적 소통과 상호작용을 이룬 국제문화행사에서 컨버전스(Convergence)의 대표적인 사례연구는 세 가지 형태로 확인되었다. 첫 번째, 춤 인구의 절대적인 증가와 공연예술 공간의 확장, 춤 문화를 알리는 대중매체의 등장, 활발한 국가지원 정책 등으로 한국무용의 르네상스를 펼쳐낸 대표적인 국제행사 ‘88 서울올림픽’사례는 아날로그 컨버전스(Analogue Convergence)를 이룬 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째, 아날로그에서 디지털로 시대의 전환이 이른 21세기, 새천년에 처음 열린 국제행사 ‘2002 한일월드컵’사례는 디지털 컨버전스(Digital Convergence)를 이룬 것으로 나타났다. 세 번째, 디지털 컨버전스 현상이 대두되고, 사회상의 흐름에 따라 정확한 연도의 구분은 모호하나 대략 2006년에 디지로그가 등장한 시기와 근사하게 개최된 국제행사 ‘2008 베이징올림픽’사례는 디지로그 컨버전스(Digilog Convergence)를 이룬 것으로 나타났다. 위 세 가지 국제행사의 대표적 사례분석결과를 통해 본 연구의 목적인 한국창작무용이 무대공연예술로서 활성화를 이루기 위한 컨버전스적 방안을 제시할 수 있는 기초적 자료를 구축할 수 있었다. 하지만 공연이 이루어지는 장소가 메인스타디움(Main Stadium)이라는 점에서 주로 극장 안에서 공연이 이루어지는 한국창작무용의 구체적인 컨버전스 도입 방안을 제시하기에는 어려움이 존재할 수밖에 없다. 이에 국제문화행사의 선진화된 기술과 기기 등을 바탕으로 아레나공연장 안에서 서커스란 장르를 중심으로 타 장르의 다양한 움직임을 접목, 건축과 영상, 의상, 소품 등 표현매체 융합에 긍정적 결과를 도모하여, 높은 공연수익 창출을 이루고, 새로운 공연예술형태를 선보인 태양의 서커스(Cirque du Soleil)단체 2011년도 작품 ‘마이클 잭슨 더 임모털(Michael jackson -THE IMMORTAL)’을 표현매체 중심으로 심층연구 하였다. 그 결과 한국창작무용작품을 활성화 할 수 있는 방안으로 한국창작무용의 움직임과 표현매체 영역과의 디지로그 컨버전스(Digilog convergence) 도입 및 적용이 있어야 한다는 점이 확인되었다. 디지로그 컨버전스의 세부적 내용으로는 LED기술을 활용한 움직임과의 인터랙티브(interactive)연출이 있다. 또한 의상, 소품, 세트 등 기능적 개발과 변화필요, 글로벌한 이슈와 창의력, 상상력에 초점을 맞춘 미래지향적 스토리 구성, 작품소재와 기획의 희소성 등을 들 수 있겠다. 21세기 문화 컨버전스 시대를 살아가는 현 세대들은 다기능(multi)기기와 재료들에 노출되어 빠르고 감각적이며, 자극적인 사고와 감성을 지니고 있다. 때문에 문화, 예술을 통해 정신적, 육체적 치유를 할 때에도 많은 것을 경험하고, 일상생활을 초월한 새로운 세계의 경험을 간절히 바랄지도 모른다. 결국 여러 장르가 협업하여 예술적 콘텐츠의 폭을 확장시킨 일종의 ‘쇼(Show)’형태 공연물들이 성행하게 된 것이다. 공연예술의 한 장르로서 한국창작무용에서도 현 시대 평행선상의 흐름을 유지하고, 그 예술을 많은 사람들과 함께 즐길 수 있는 문화로 확산시키기 위해서는 전통을 고수하고 보존하는 것 뿐만아니라 장르를 초월한 형식의 변화와 다기능 매체 개발을 위한 과감한 투자가 필요하다. 그리하여 다양한 표현매체들과의 디지로그 컨버전스(Digilog convergence)를 이루어야 할 것이다. | The aim of this study is to scrutinize the measures that will enable the Korean creative dance community to facilitate the revitalization of it in the era of cultural convergence. Such measures include but are not limited to creating new values that contemporary society demands, communicating with the public, and generating profits in the course of doing so. The methodology employed in this study was the case study on the exemplary events that best illustrate the recent phenomena of cultural convergence. Such events were namely Cirque du Soleil and cultural events taking place along with international sports competitions, and they were categorized into analogue convergence, digital convergence, and digilog convergence respectively. After the careful categorization, the positive aspects of convergence portrayed in each event were reviewed so as to be applied or introduced to Korean Creative Dance in the future. The primary purpose of holding international sports competitions is to endorse the principle of sports, which is to foster the physical as well as spiritual development of people, and by doing so to contribute to a better international friendship that is a fundamental pre-requisite for realizing world peace. In order to achieve such purpose, experts in charge of cultural events including opening and closing ceremonies of sports competitions have developed high-tech equipments and accumulated technical skills for successful organization of such events. By doing so, they have led a new cultural trend at the global scale, and thus contributed to the creation of a new value system applicable to every aspect of contemporary society (including politics, economy, culture, arts, sports, and so forth), which is about to enter into the new era. South Korea is not an exception to this trend, and experiences gathered by hosting numerous international cultural events served as an opportunity for the public to change their perception on dance culture, as there was a series of changes in the environment surrounding the Korean dance community, which included expansion of government subsidies for cultural events as well as financial supports from private companies. These changes provided a breakthrough opportunity for the Korean dance community and thus announced the emergence of the era of cultural convergence. As revealed by the case study of the international cultural events where non linguistic communication and interactions took place, there were as many as three types of convergence identified, which were distinctive to each stage of the new era. First, in association with hosting the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, there were an increase in the absolute number of dance population, a spatial expansion of visual and performing arts facilities, and increased government subsidies, all of which eventually led to a blooming renaissance of Korean dance; this era marked the achievement of analogue convergence. Second, as can be observed from the case study on the 2002 FIFA World Cup, the transformation from analogue to digital at the dawn of the 21st century was manifested in this stage. Third, although the phenomena of digital convergence are so ambiguous timewise as to make a clear timeline of evolution, it is perceived in general that the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing broadly coincided with the era of digilog convergence which could be traced back to 2006 for its initial emergence. The results of the case study on the aforementioned international events can be used in the construction of the basic database that will help envisioning the future of the Korean dance that is revitalized in a manner that reconciles with the era of convergence. However, as most performing arts events take place in main stadiums, there is a clear limitation in drawing practical implications from the current convergence trend that are applicable to the Korean dance, which is most often performed in a theater or in a place spatially similar to it. Hence, in pursuit of an alternative that would integrate numerous arts genres with the help of the latest high-tech equipments and technical skills to produce positive outcomes in merging various expressive media sources (including architecture, image, costume, and stage properties) and thus to achieve profitability as well as to create a new genre of performing arts, 'Michael Jackson THE IMMORTAL' introduced by Cirque du Soleil in 2011 was analyzed in depth with a strong emphasis on the entertainment company's use of expressive media in a spatially limited place such as arena theater. The results of analysis confirmed that there was a need to introduce and apply the measures of digilog convergence between the Korean creative dance movement and expressive media. To be specific, it was confirmed that there was a need to establish a link between movements exploiting LED technology usage and interactive production. Other features that would help intensify the digilog convergence included functional development of various expressive media sources (including costume, set, and stage properties), contextual interpretation of performances relevant to global issues, creativity, future-oriented story narratives effectively manifesting imagination, and ingenuity of production motives and contents rarely found in other arts productions. It is evident that people living in the era of cultural convergence of the 21st century are constantly exposed to the multi-functional environment and familiarized themselves with multi-functional devices subsequently. Due to such series of exposures, they are increasingly becoming sensuous and vulnerable to the media that provoke their stimuli. In this regard, they want to experience something that transcends their daily lives even when they undergo the processes of physical and spiritual healing mediated by cultural contents and arts. Hence, such demand led to the prevalence of performing arts events taking the form of 'show', an artistic compilation of numerous arts contents created by collective endeavor of artists from numerous arts genres. Not only adhering, preserving, and transmitting the traditions but also daring to make substantial investments to develop multi-functional media that transcend the traditional boundaries as set by each arts genre is crucial for the Korean dance community to remain strongly competitive as one of performing arts genres in contemporary society, and subsequently disseminate its culture to be appreciated by the public as highly enjoyable one. This is the rationale of the importance of digilog convergence between the Korean dance and other expressive media.; The aim of this study is to scrutinize the measures that will enable the Korean creative dance community to facilitate the revitalization of it in the era of cultural convergence. Such measures include but are not limited to creating new values that contemporary society demands, communicating with the public, and generating profits in the course of doing so. The methodology employed in this study was the case study on the exemplary events that best illustrate the recent phenomena of cultural convergence. Such events were namely Cirque du Soleil and cultural events taking place along with international sports competitions, and they were categorized into analogue convergence, digital convergence, and digilog convergence respectively. After the careful categorization, the positive aspects of convergence portrayed in each event were reviewed so as to be applied or introduced to Korean Creative Dance in the future. The primary purpose of holding international sports competitions is to endorse the principle of sports, which is to foster the physical as well as spiritual development of people, and by doing so to contribute to a better international friendship that is a fundamental pre-requisite for realizing world peace. In order to achieve such purpose, experts in charge of cultural events including opening and closing ceremonies of sports competitions have developed high-tech equipments and accumulated technical skills for successful organization of such events. By doing so, they have led a new cultural trend at the global scale, and thus contributed to the creation of a new value system applicable to every aspect of contemporary society (including politics, economy, culture, arts, sports, and so forth), which is about to enter into the new era. South Korea is not an exception to this trend, and experiences gathered by hosting numerous international cultural events served as an opportunity for the public to change their perception on dance culture, as there was a series of changes in the environment surrounding the Korean dance community, which included expansion of government subsidies for cultural events as well as financial supports from private companies. These changes provided a breakthrough opportunity for the Korean dance community and thus announced the emergence of the era of cultural convergence. As revealed by the case study of the international cultural events where non linguistic communication and interactions took place, there were as many as three types of convergence identified, which were distinctive to each stage of the new era. First, in association with hosting the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, there were an increase in the absolute number of dance population, a spatial expansion of visual and performing arts facilities, and increased government subsidies, all of which eventually led to a blooming renaissance of Korean dance