제3, 4공화국의 문화정책과 불국사 복원 과정을 통해 본

Abstract

Park Chung-hee come into political power by overthrowing the existing government on 16th May, 1961. He emphasized and strengthened 'anticommunism', 'economic growth' and 'national defense' by the late 1960's. For Yushin regime off and on, He also concentrated on 'national consensus', 'traditional culture' and 'developing moral culture'. Because he thought it's very important to establish independence of nation setting up values of occupation and taking back the spirit of the people. So he focused on excavation of remains and preservation of our heritage for good. He established the Minister of Culture and Public Information and fortified the Cultural Properties Protection Law for carrying out cultural policy division overall and systematically in 1960's.

Constructing specification format as above, cultural policy was enforced such as there are 'tourist development business of Gyeongju', 'a five-year art and literature promotion plan' and 'a three-year preservation business of heritage'. Hence preservation project of cultural properties was performed for patriots' remains, sites and traditional culture. The process of cultural policy was not mere display. Park Chung-hee misappropriated many project of cultural buildup for preserving his political system and the political ideology.

South and North Korea competed operation a lot of cultural policy and showed off the superiority of own people each other ceaselessly. Kim Il-seong strived securing his legitimacy in 1967. Park Chung-hee also endeavored to be justifiable 5.16 military coup and to be legitimate military regime. Dangun(檀君) was thought as the progenitor of national identity in North Korea while Park Chung-hee considered the Hwarangdo spirit(the code of Silla chivalry, 花郞道) to be progenitor of national identity and highly regard Silla's unification of three nations.

Bulguksa Temple was destroyed mostly by Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1593. Although the temple was reconstructed for a while, it's was not figure of Silla period. It's was constructed Daeungjeon, Geungnakjeon and Jahamun in 17th century and was performed dancheong(丹靑) and repairing a roof tile at the building in 18th century.

Although Sekino Tadasi(關野貞) investigated into Bulguksa Temple in 1902 and 1909, it's was not a thorough investigation for scholarship. the Japanese Government-General of Korea enforced repairing construction imprudently by the basics of research. Hujisima Gaigiro(藤島亥治郞) implemented research investigation and tried restoration study in 1929. With this, it's triggered study of Bulguksa Temple. Our government carried out fragmentary repair works intermittently after 1950.

Park Chung-hee made corporation 'committee of restoration in Bulguksa Temple' in 1969. Conference for restoration of Bulguksa Temple was held 9th times, appointing the committee of historical research and the committee of restoration planning. Accordingly organized restoration work was progressing by collecting domestic and foreign materials and excavating remains. By 'tourist comprehensive planning of Gyeongju' and Park Chung-hee's thinking, Bulguksa temple was restored for sightseeing, not for cultural assets. The large scale restoration work that be performed after 1970th set up the foundation of organizing cultural properties by ourselves.

Park chung-hee arranged the foundation of administrative organization, legislation and more for cultural properties by his cultural policy and the relevant plans. And he presented development possibility in terms of creating added value, connecting the tourist business and cultural properties' restoration. Besides, the process of cultural policy was made to be Park's political stability and support. The project was what trigger to lead the dispute about truth of restoration. Through the process, all-round parts about cultural properties could strengthen.