한국-뉴질랜드 부모의 양육태도,유아의 놀이성 및 리더십에 대한 비교연구

Abstract

국 문 초 록

한국-뉴질랜드 부모의 양육태도, 유아의 놀이성 및 리더십에 대한 비교 연구

이 연구는 한국과 뉴질랜드 부모의 양육태도, 유아의 놀이성 및 리더십의 관계를 살펴보고 문화 간 차이를 밝히고자 하였다. 이는 유아의 놀이성과 리더십이 증가 될 수 있는 긍정적인 양육태도를 확인하고, 두 나라간 문화적 차이를 검증함으로서, 유아교육 현장에서 교사 및 부모 교육의 기초 자료로 활용 될 것으로 본다.

이를 위해 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 한국 부모의 양육태도, 유아의 놀이성 및 리더십의 관계는 어떠한가? 둘째, 뉴질랜드 부모의 양육태도, 유아의 놀이성 및 리더십의 관계는 어떠한가? 셋째, 한국과 뉴질랜드 부모의 양육태도에서의 차이는 어떠한가? 넷째, 한국과 뉴질랜드 유아의 놀이성에서의 차이는 어떠한가? 다섯째, 한국과 뉴질랜드 유아의 리더십에서의 차이는 어떠한가?

연구 대상은 한국의 서울과 경기도, 뉴질랜드의 Rotora에 소재한 유치원에 다니는 3세, 4세 유아를 연구 대상으로 선정하였다. 한국의 경우 서울 지역의 유치원 3곳과 고양시 덕양구 소재의 유치원 1곳의 유아 100명, 해당유아의 부모 100명, 해당 학급교사 4명을 대상으로 하였다. 뉴질랜드의 경우 Rotora 및 인근 지역의 유치원 5곳의 유아 100명, 해당유아의 부모 100명, 해당유치원 교사 15명을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 측정도구는 부모 양육태도의 경우 Schaefer (1959)의 (MBRI)를 이원영(1983)이 번안하여 만든 양육태도 검사 도구를 사용하였다. 유아 놀이성의 경우 Barnett(1990)이 제작한 아동의 놀이성 척도를 김영희(1995)가 번안한 것을 사용하였으며, 유아 리더십의 경우 이채호·최인수(2008)가 개발한 ‘교사용 유아 리더십 평가척도’를 사용 하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 활용하였으며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다.

첫째, 한국부모의 양육태도, 유아의 놀이성 및 리더십의 관계를 살펴보면, 한국 부모의 양육태도 중 애정적, 자율적 양육태도가 유아의 놀이성과 유의하게 정적으로 상관되어 있었다. 즉, 부모가 애정적, 자율적 양육태도를 많이 보일수록 유아의 놀이성이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 거부적 양육태도와 통제적 양육태도는 유아의 놀이성과 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 부모가 자율적 양육태도를 보일수록 유아의 리더십의 하위 영역 가운데 사교성이 높아지는 유의한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 애정적, 거부적, 통제적 양육태도는 유아의 리더십과 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았으며, 유아 놀이성과 리더십의 관계에 있어서 놀이성이 높은 유아가 리더십도 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다.

둘째, 뉴질랜드 부모의 양육태도, 유아의 놀이성 및 리더십의 관계를 살펴보면, 부모의 양육태도와 놀이성간에는 유의미한 상관관계가 나타나지 않았고, 어머니가 애정적인 양육태도를 보일수록 리더십의 하위영역 가운데 주도성과 민감성, 그리고 몰입 수준이 유의하게 높아지는 경향이 있었다. 놀이성이 높은 뉴질랜드 유아는 리더십도 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났는데 이는 한국 유아의 놀이성과 리더십의 상관 결과와 일관된 결과를 보여 주었다.

셋째, 한국과 뉴질랜드 부모의 양육태도 수준에 차이가 있는지 양육태도 유형별로 살펴보았는데, 먼저 애정적 양육태도는 뉴질랜드 부모가 한국 부모에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 거부적 양육태도는 한국 부모가 뉴질랜드 부모보다 높게 나타났으며 자율적인 태도는 거의 비슷했다. 마지막으로, 통제적인 양육 태도는 한국 부모들이 뉴질랜드 부모들에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이는 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다.

넷째, 한국과 뉴질랜드 유아의 놀이성에서의 차이를 하위 요인별로 살펴보면, 전체적인 놀이성 수준은 뉴질랜드 유아들이 한국 유아들에 비해 높은 경향이 있었지만 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 뉴질랜드 유아들이 한국 유아들에 비해 신체적 자발성 수준이 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났지만, 사회적 자발성, 인지적 자발성, 유머감각 수준은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 즐거움 표현의 경우 뉴질랜드 유아들이 한국 유아들에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 통계적으로도 유의한 차이를 보여, 뉴질랜드 유아들이 한국 유아들에 비해 즐거움에 대한 표현을 더 많이 함을 알 수 있었다.

다섯째, 한국과 뉴질랜드 유아의 주도성, 민감성, 몰입 수준 및 전체적인 리더십 수준은 뉴질랜드 유아들이 한국 유아들에 비해 다소 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

이상의 연구 결과를 종합하여보면, 한국과 뉴질랜드 부모의 양육태도, 유아의 놀이성 및 리더십의 관련성은 각 하위 영역에 따라 나라별로 다른 양상이 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구는 부모의 양육태도 중 애정적 양육태도가 유아의 놀이성과 리더십에 긍정적 관계를 가지며, 두 나라 간 양육태도의 차이에 있어서는 한국부모가 뉴질랜드 부모보다 더 거부적이고 더 통제적임을, 뉴질랜드 부모가 한국부모보다 더 애정적임을 확인하였다. 또한 두 나라간 유아의 놀이성과 리더십 수준에 있어서는 차이가 없음을 확인하였다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있겠다. 따라서 이 연구 결과는 유아교육 현장에서 교사 및 부모 교육의 기초 자료를 제공 할 수 있을 것이다.|ABSTRACT

A Comparative Study of Parenting Style, Preschooler Playfulness and Preschooler Leadership in Korea and New Zealand

Roh Min Jung Major in Children Education Graduate School of Education Hanyang University

he purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of parenting style to the playfulness and leadership of preschoolers in Korea and New Zealand in an effort to shed light on intercultural differences. It's basically meant to investigate what kind of parenting style could serve to foster the playfulness and leadership of preschoolers in order to provide some information on early childhood teacher education and parent education. Five research questions were posed: 1. What is the relationship among parenting style, preschooler playfulness and preschooler leadership in Korea? 2. What is the relationship among parenting style, preschooler playfulness and preschooler leadership in New Zealand? 3. What are differences between Korean and New Zealand parents in parenting style? 4. What are differences between Korean and New Zealand preschoolers in playfulness? 5. What are differences between Korean and New Zealand preschoolers in leadership?

The subjects in this study were the selected preschoolers who attended kindergartens in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, and in Rotora, New Zealand. They were at the Western ages of three and four. In South Korea, 100 preschoolers, 100 their parents and four teachers in charge of their classes were selected from four different kindergartens. Out of the four kindergartens, three were located in Seoul, and one was located in Deokyang-gu, the city of Goyang. In New Zealand, 100 preschoolers, 100 their parents and 15 teachers were selected from five different kindergartens in and around Rotora. One instrument used to assess parenting style was Lee Won-young(1983)'s adapted version of Schaefer(1959)'s MBRI. Another instrument used to evaluate preschooler playfulness was Kim Young-hee(1995)'s adapted version of Barnett (1990)'s Child Playfulness Scale. The third instrument used to assess preschooler leadership was Lee Chae-ho & Choi In-su(2008)'s Preschooler Leadership Rating Scale for Teachers. As for data analysis, a statistical package SPSS 18.0 was employed. The findings of the study were as follows: First, concerning the relationship among the parenting styles of the Korean parents, the playfulness of their preschool children and their leadership, affectionate and autonomous parenting had a positive correlation with the playfulness of the preschoolers. There was a tendency that the preschoolers were more playful when the parenting style of their parents was more affectionate or autonomous. Rejective parenting and controlling parenting had no significant correlation with the playfulness of the preschoolers. There was a positive correlation between autonomous parenting and the sociability of the preschoolers, which was one of the subfactors of leadership, as the preschoolers were better sociable when the parenting style of their parents was more autonomous. In contrast, affectionate, rejective and controlling parenting had no significant correlation with the leadership of the preschoolers. As to the links between the playfulness and leadership of the preschoolers, the preschoolers who were more playful had a better leadership. Second, regarding the relationship among the parenting styles of the New Zealand parents, the playfulness of their preschool children and their leadership, affectionate, rejective, autonomous and controlling parenting had no significant correlation with playfulness. There was a tendency for the preschoolers whose parents had a more affectionate parenting style had a better initiative and better flow. The New Zealand preschoolers who were more playful had a better leadership as well. The correlation between the playfulness and leadership of the New Zealand preschoolers was identical to that between the same variables of the Korean preschoolers. Third, whether there would be any differences between the Korean and New Zealand parents in parenting style was analyzed. As a result, affectionate parenting was relatively more common among the New Zealand parents than among the Korean ones, and rejective parenting was more prevailing among the Korean parents than among the New Zealand parents. The two groups were similar in terms of autonomous parenting. Finally, controlling parenting was relatively more common among the Korean parents than among the New Zealand ones. All the differences were statistically significant. Fourth, as for differences between the Korean and New Zealand preschoolers in the subfactors of playfulness, there was a tendency for the New Zealand preschoolers were more playful overall than their Korean counterparts, but the difference was not significant. The New Zealand preschoolers were better than the Korean ones at physical spontaneity, but no significant differences were found in social spontaneity, cognitive spontaneity and a sense of humor. The New Zealand preschoolers were ahead of the Korean ones in terms of display of joy, and the difference was statistically significant. Thus, the New Zealand preschoolers displayed more joy than the Korean preschoolers. Fifth, as to the initiative, sensitiveness, flow and overall leadership of the preschoolers, the New Zealand preschoolers slightly excelled the Korean ones in these regards, but the differences were not significant. The above-mentioned findings illustrated that the detailed relationship of parenting style, preschooler playfulness and preschooler leadership varied from country to country. And the affectionate-controlling parenting of the Korean parents was linked to the playfulness of their preschool children, and the same parenting styles of the New Zealand parents were related to the leadership of their preschool children. This study is of significance in that it attempted to determine the relationship of parenting style to the playfulness and leadership of preschoolers to explore intercultural differences and confirm ideal parenting styles conducive to the improvement of the playfulness and leadership of preschoolers.; ABSTRACT

A Comparative Study of Parenting Style, Preschooler Playfulness and Preschooler Leadership in Korea and New Zealand

Roh Min Jung Major in Children Education Graduate School of Education Hanyang University

he purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of parenting style to the playfulness and leadership of preschoolers in Korea and New Zealand in an effort to shed light on intercultural differences. It's basically meant to investigate what kind of parenting style could serve to foster the playfulness and leadership of preschoolers in order to provide some information on early childhood teacher education and parent education. Five research questions were posed: 1. What is the relationship among parenting style, preschooler playfulness and preschooler leadership in Korea? 2. What is the relationship among parenting style, preschooler playfulness and preschooler leadership in New Zealand? 3. What are differences between Korean and New Zealand parents in parenting style? 4. What are differences between Korean and New Zealand preschoolers in playfulness? 5. What are differences between Korean and New Zealand preschoolers in leadership?

The subjects in this study were the selected preschoolers who attended kindergartens in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, and in Rotora, New Zealand. They were at the Western ages of three and four. In South Korea, 100 preschoolers, 100 their parents and four teachers in charge of their classes were selected from four different kindergartens. Out of the four kindergartens, three were located in Seoul, and one was located in Deokyang-gu, the city of Goyang. In New Zealand, 100 preschoolers, 100 their parents and 15 teachers were selected from five different kindergartens in and around Rotora. One instrument used to assess parenting style was Lee Won-young(1983)'s adapted version of Schaefer(1959)'s MBRI. Another instrument used to evaluate preschooler playfulness was Kim Young-hee(1995)'s adapted version of Barnett (1990)'s Child Playfulness Scale. The third instrument used to assess preschooler leadership was Lee Chae-ho & Choi In-su(2008)'s Preschooler Leadership Rating Scale for Teachers. As for data analysis, a statistical package SPSS 18.0 was employed. The findings of the study were as follows: First, concerning the relationship among the parenting styles of the Korean parents, the playfulness of their preschool children and their leadership, affectionate and autonomous parenting had a positive correlation with the playfulness of the preschoolers. There was a tendency that the preschoolers were more playful when the parenting style of their parents was more affectionate or autonomous. Rejective parenting and controlling parenting had no significant correlation with the playfulness of the preschoolers. There was a positive correlation between autonomous parenting and the sociability of the preschoolers, which was one of the subfactors of leadership, as the preschoolers were better sociable when the parenting style of their parents was more autonomous. In contrast, affectionate, rejective and controlling parenting had no significant correlation with the leadership of the preschoolers. As to the links between the playfulness and leadership of the preschoolers, the preschoolers who were more playful had a better leadership. Second, regarding the relationship among the parenting styles of the New Zealand parents, the playfulness of their preschool children and their leadership, affectionate, rejective, autonomous and controlling parenting had no significant correlation with playfulness. There was a tendency for the preschoolers whose parents had a more affectionate parenting style had a better initiative and better flow. The New Zealand preschoolers who were more playful had a better leadership as well. The correlation between the playfulness and leadership of the New Zealand preschoolers was identical to that between the same variables of the Korean preschoolers. Third, whether there would be any differences between the Korean and New Zealand parents in parenting style was analyzed. As a result, affectionate parenting was relatively more common among the New Zealand parents than among the Korean ones, and rejective parenting was more prevailing among the Korean parents than among the New Zealand parents. The two groups were similar in terms of autonomous parenting. Finally, controlling parenting was relatively more common among the Korean parents than among the New Zealand ones. All the differences were statistically significant. Fourth, as for differences between the Korean and New Zealand preschoolers in the subfactors of playfulness, there was a tendency for the New Zealand preschoolers were more playful overall than their Korean counterparts, but the difference was not significant. The New Zealand preschoolers were better than the Korean ones at physical spontaneity, but no significant differences were found in social spontaneity, cognitive spontaneity and a sense of humor. The New Zealand preschoolers were ahead of the Korean ones in terms of display of joy, and the difference was statistically significant. Thus, the New Zealand preschoolers displayed more joy than the Korean preschoolers. Fifth, as to the initiative, sensitiveness, flow and overall leadership of the preschoolers, the New Zealand preschoolers slightly excelled the Korean ones in these regards, but the differences were not significant. The above-mentioned findings illustrated that the detailed relationship of parenting style, preschooler playfulness and preschooler leadership varied from country to country. And the affectionate-controlling parenting of the Korean parents was linked to the playfulness of their preschool children, and the same parenting styles of the New Zealand parents were related to the leadership of their preschool children. This study is of significance in that it attempted to determine the relationship of parenting style to the playfulness and leadership of preschoolers to explore intercultural differences and confirm ideal parenting styles conducive to the improvement of the playfulness and leadership of preschoolers.