소화기 내시경실 간호사의 감정노동, 직무스트레스와 개인적자원

Abstract

본 연구는 소화기 내시경실 간호사의 감정노동, 직무스트레스, 개인적 자원을 파악하여 감정노동과 직무스트레스를 감소시키고 개인적 자원을 높여 소화기 내시경실 간호 서비스의 질을 높이는데 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구는 서울·경기도 소재 종합병원의 소화기 내시경실 간호사를 대상으로, 연구의 목적을 설명하고 동의한 대상자에게 서면 동의서를 받은 후 설문 조사를 실시하여 총105명의 자료를 분석하였다. 자료 수집 기간은 2014년 4월 1일부터 4월 9일까지이었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 20.0 통계 program을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, 위계적 다중회귀분석(hierarchical multiple linear regression)으로 분석하였다.

본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대상자의 성별은 모두 여성이고 평균 연령은 35세이며, 결혼 상태는 기혼이 61명(58.1%), 학력은 대졸 46명(43.8%), 종교를 가진 대상자가63명(60%)이었다. 월수입 평균은 200~300만원 미만이 40명(38.1%)으로 가장 많았고, 고용 형태는 정규직이 94명(89.5%), 총 근무 경력의 평균은 12년, 내시경실 근무 경력의 평균은 6년, 직위로는 일반간호사가 68명(64.8%)이었다. 부서 이동은 75명(71.4%)이 원하지 않았으며, 내시경실적성정도는 ‘약간 맞는다’가 43명(41.0%), 내시경실 업무로 ‘이직을 하지겠다’ 63명(60.0%), 간호사가 된 동기는 ‘간호사가 되고 싶어서’가 29명(27.6%)으로 가장 많았다. 2. 대상자의 감정노동 정도는 3.39/5점, 직무스트레스 정도는 3.65/5점, 개인적 자원 정도는 3.23/5점 이었다. 3. 대상자의 일반적 특성을 분석한 결과, 감정노동은 자신의 적성정도 (F=4.304, p=.007), 부서이동 희망(t=20.076, p<.001), 내시경실 업무로 인한 이직의도(t=7.396, p=.008), 간호사가 된 동기(F=3.284, p=.009)에서 유의한 차이가 있었고, 직무스트레스는 부서이동 희망(t=4.774, p=.031),개인적 자원은 간호사가 된 동기(t=2.665, p=.026)에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 4. 대상자의 감정노동, 직무스트레스, 개인적 자원간의 상관관계는 직무스트레스와 감정노동은 유의한 정적 상관관계(r=.530, p＜.01)를 보였고, 개인적 자원은 감정노동(r=-.389, p＜.01)과 직무스트레스(r=-.292, p＜.01)에서 유의한 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 5. 소화기 내시경실 간호사의 감정노동에 통계적으로 유의한 예측요인으로는 부서이동 희망(B=.41), 개인적 자원(B=-.38), 직무스트레스(B=.53)가 44.9%의 설명력을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

이상의 연구결과로 소화기 내시경실 간호사의 감정노동과 직무스트레스, 개인적 자원은 중간정도로 나타났으며, 개인적 자원이 활성화 될 수 있도록 관리가 필요하며, 감정노동과 직무스트레스를 감소시키기 위한 감성교육 및 표준화된 교육 지침서 등의 프로그램 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

주요어 : 감정노동, 직무스트레스, 개인적 자원 |ABSTRACT Endoscopy unit nurses’ Emotional Labor, Job Stress and Personal Resources

Eum, Hee Jae Dept. of Nursing Administration The Graduate School of Public Policy Hanyang University Directed by Professor. Yoo, Eun Kwang Ph.D, RN

This research is a descriptive survey attempting to present a preliminary data which is necessary to improve the quality of nursing service, to alleviate emotional labor and job stress and to build up personal resources of nurses in gastrointestinal endoscopy unit through identifying emotional labor, job stress, and personal resources of nurses. This research was conducted to explain the purpose of it to gastrointestinal endoscopy unit nurses in the general hospital in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, and then to analyze the data of a total of 105 people through conducting a questionnaire survey after receiving written consent from them. The duration of data collection was from April 1st to 9th in 2014. The collected data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, hierarchical multiple linear regression, using statistical program, SPSS version 20.0.

The summary of this research is as follow: 1. The gender of participants was all female and the average age was 35 years old. 58.1% of them (61 people) were married and 43.8% (46 people) had completed the education level of college, and 60% of them (63 people) had any kinds of religion. 38.1% (40 people) whose monthly average income was 2~less than 3 million won, were the most numbers among total participants. In case of main employment pattern, 89.5% of them(94people) are permanent employees. Average years of working career and endoscopy unit working career were 12years and 6years respectively. In case of job position, 64.8% of them(68people) are general-duty nurses. 71.4% (75 people) didn't want to move to other department. 41.0% (43 people) expressed themselves to have a little aptitude for endoscopy unit work, and 60.0% (63 people) expressed that they are not going to change their jobs. In case of the motivation of being a nurse, 27.6% of them (29 people) expressed that they originally wanted to be nurse. 2. It was found out that emotional labor degree, job stress degree, and personal resources of participants were average 3.39/5, 3.65/5, and 3.23/5 out of perfect score 5.0 respectively. 3. As the result of analyzing the general characteristics of participants, it was found out that there was some statistically significant difference on each nurse's aptitude degree (F=4.304, p=.007), the desire of moving to other departments (t=20.076, p<.001), the intention of changing jobs due to endoscopy unit work (t=7.396, p=.008), the motivation of being nurse (F=3.284, p=.009) in case of emotional labor. Also, it was found out that there was some statistically significant difference on the wishful movement of department (t=4.774, p=.031) in case of jobs stress, and on the intention of being nurses (t=2.665, p=.026) in case of personal resources. 4. As the result of correlations among emotional labor, job stress, and personal resources of participants, it was found out that there were some statistically significant positive correlation (r=.530, p＜.01) between job stress and emotional labor, and that some statistically significant negative correlation (r=-.389, p＜.01) between emotional labor and personal resources, and (r=-.292, p＜.01) between job stress and personal resources. 5. It was found out that nurses who have the desire of moving to other departments (B=.41), their personal resources (B=-.38), and job stress (B=.53) have the explanatory power of 44.9% on statistically significant predictive factor to emotional labor of gastrointestinal endoscopy unit nurse.

According to the results above, it was found out that gastrointestinal endoscopy unit nurses had the middle level of emotional labor, job stress, and personal resources. And it is thought that it will take a management scheme to invigorate personal resources and a program development of some kind of emotional education and standardized education guide to decrease emotional labor and job stress.

Key words: Emotional labor, Job stress, Personal resources; ABSTRACT Endoscopy unit nurses’ Emotional Labor, Job Stress and Personal Resources

Eum, Hee Jae Dept. of Nursing Administration The Graduate School of Public Policy Hanyang University Directed by Professor. Yoo, Eun Kwang Ph.D, RN

This research is a descriptive survey attempting to present a preliminary data which is necessary to improve the quality of nursing service, to alleviate emotional labor and job stress and to build up personal resources of nurses in gastrointestinal endoscopy unit through identifying emotional labor, job stress, and personal resources of nurses. This research was conducted to explain the purpose of it to gastrointestinal endoscopy unit nurses in the general hospital in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, and then to analyze the data of a total of 105 people through conducting a questionnaire survey after receiving written consent from them. The duration of data collection was from April 1st to 9th in 2014. The collected data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, hierarchical multiple linear regression, using statistical program, SPSS version 20.0.

The summary of this research is as follow: 1. The gender of participants was all female and the average age was 35 years old. 58.1% of them (61 people) were married and 43.8% (46 people) had completed the education level of college, and 60% of them (63 people) had any kinds of religion. 38.1% (40 people) whose monthly average income was 2~less than 3 million won, were the most numbers among total participants. In case of main employment pattern, 89.5% of them(94people) are permanent employees. Average years of working career and endoscopy unit working career were 12years and 6years respectively. In case of job position, 64.8% of them(68people) are general-duty nurses. 71.4% (75 people) didn't want to move to other department. 41.0% (43 people) expressed themselves to have a little aptitude for endoscopy unit work, and 60.0% (63 people) expressed that they are not going to change their jobs. In case of the motivation of being a nurse, 27.6% of them (29 people) expressed that they originally wanted to be nurse. 2. It was found out that emotional labor degree, job stress degree, and personal resources of participants were average 3.39/5, 3.65/5, and 3.23/5 out of perfect score 5.0 respectively. 3. As the result of analyzing the general characteristics of participants, it was found out that there was some statistically significant difference on each nurse's aptitude degree (F=4.304, p=.007), the desire of moving to other departments (t=20.076, p<.001), the intention of changing jobs due to endoscopy unit work (t=7.396, p=.008), the motivation of being nurse (F=3.284, p=.009) in case of emotional labor. Also, it was found out that there was some statistically significant difference on the wishful movement of department (t=4.774, p=.031) in case of jobs stress, and on the intention of being nurses (t=2.665, p=.026) in case of personal resources. 4. As the result of correlations among emotional labor, job stress, and personal resources of participants, it was found out that there were some statistically significant positive correlation (r=.530, p＜.01) between job stress and emotional labor, and that some statistically significant negative correlation (r=-.389, p＜.01) between emotional labor and personal resources, and (r=-.292, p＜.01) between job stress and personal resources. 5. It was found out that nurses who have the desire of moving to other departments (B=.41), their personal resources (B=-.38), and job stress (B=.53) have the explanatory power of 44.9% on statistically significant predictive factor to emotional labor of gastrointestinal endoscopy unit nurse.

According to the results above, it was found out that gastrointestinal endoscopy unit nurses had the middle level of emotional labor, job stress, and personal resources. And it is thought that it will take a management scheme to invigorate personal resources and a program development of some kind of emotional education and standardized education guide to decrease emotional labor and job stress.

Key words: Emotional labor, Job stress, Personal resources