노인 혈액투석환자의 늙어감에 대한 행복감, 지각된 스트레스, 삶의 질에 관한 연구

Abstract

국문 요약

이 연구는 노인 혈액투석환자의 늙어감에 대한 행복감, 스트레스와 삶의 질을 측정하고 이들 간의 관계를 확인하여 혈액투석을 받고 노화를 겪는 중 스트레스를 최소화하고 삶의 질은 향상시키며 행복감을 높이기 위한 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공함에 그 목적이 있다. 이 연구는 수도권 대학병원 및 개인병원에서 주 2-3회 투석을 받는 65세 이상 노인 105명을 대상으로 의식이 명료하고 의사소통이 가능하고 연구의 목적을 이해하며 참여를 수락한 이로 자료 수집 기간은 2014년 4월 7일부터 26일까지였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN Ver. 18.0 통계패키지를 사용하여 실수와 백분율, t-test, ANOVA, 피어슨 상관분석(Pearson correlation coefficient), 단계적 다중회귀분석(stepwise multiple regression)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.

1) 대상자는 남성이 50.5%, ‘65∼69세’가 46.7%, 교육수준은 ‘초등학교 졸업’이 25.7%, 월수입은 ‘없음’이 39.0%로 가장 많았다. 종교는 ‘무교’가 37.1%, 결혼상태는 ‘배우자가 있다’ 72.4%, 현재 동거하는 가족수(자신포함) ‘2명’이 38.1%로 가장 많았다. 보유질병수(만성신부전 포함)는 25.7%, 성격유형은 ‘긍정’이 72.4%, 자녀수는 ‘3명’이 32.4%, 용돈지원이 ‘있다’ 60.0%로 가장 많았다. 자녀에 대해 ‘자랑스럽다’ 69.5%, 웃음지수 ‘보통이다’ 39.0%로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 ‘밝다’ 30.5%,로 많았다. 혈액투석 안할 때 해방감으로 인한 행복감 86.7%, 혈액투석시 가족으로 인한 행복감 89.5%가 많았다. 2) 노인 혈액투석환자의 늙어감에 대한 행복감, 지각된 스트레스, 삶의 질을 분석한 결과 늙어감에 대한 행복감은 2.86±.32, 지각된 스트레스 1.90±.52, 삶의 질이 2.03±.61이었다. 3) 노인 혈액투석환자의 일반적인 특성에 따른 늙어감에 대한 행복감은 성별(t=2.702, p=.008), 교육 수준(F=4.476, p=.001), 자녀에 대한 생각(F=6.113, p=.003), 웃음지수(F=3.785, p=.007), 혈액투석 안할 때 해방감으로 인한 행복감(F=3.309, p=.001), 혈액투석시 가족으로 인한 행복감(F=3.051, p=.003)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 4) 노인 혈액투석환자의 전체 늙어감에 대한 행복감은 삶의 질(r=.611)과 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계를 가지고 있었으며, 지각된 스트레스(r=.457)와 음의 상관관계를 가졌다. 5) 노인 혈액투석환자의 늙어감에 대한 행복감에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 삶의 질(β=.549, p<.001)과 교육 수준(β=.221, p=.006)이었고, 이들은 늙어감에 대한 행복감을 41%정도 설명하고 있는 것으로 나타났다(Adjust R² = 0.406).

노인 혈액투석환자의 늙어감에 대한 행복감을 증진시키기 위해 삶의 질을 높이는 방향으로 간호 중재가 실시되어야 할 것이며, 향후 노인 혈액투석 환자를 포함하여 다양한 집단을 대상으로 늙어감에 대한 행복감 연구가 이루어져 늙어감에 대한 행복감 영향요인을 규명해야 할 것이다.

키워드 : 노인, 혈액투석, 늙어감에 대한 행복감, 스트레스, 삶의 질 |ABSTRACT

Elderly Hemodialysis Patients Happiness During Aging, Perceived Stress and Quality of Life

Kang, Yeong-Eui Dept. of Nursing Administration The Graduate School of Public Policy Hanyang University Directed by Professor. Yoo, Eun-Kwang Ph.D, RN

The purpose of this paper is to offer the basic data to develop the program to improve the quality of life and enhance the happiness to minimize the stress while the aging is undergoing after the patients receive the hemodialysis. This research measures and verifies the relationship among the happiness of elderly hemodialysis patients by aging, perceived stress and quality of life. This research conducts a questionnaire survey of 105 old people who take dialysis for twice or three times per week at private hospital or university hospital of the national capital region. In this research, elderly patients, who can communicate, have a clear consciousness, and understand purpose of the research, were agreed to participate and the data was collected from April 7th, 2014 until April 26th, 2014. The statistics package of SPSS/Win Ver. 15.0 was used to analyze the collected data as numbers and percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Followings are the summarized result of the research.

1) The most chosen answers regarding the respective subjects of the survey were followed as: 50.5% of elderly patients were male, 46.7% of them were aged between 65~69, 25.7% of them chose ‘elementary school graduates’ for educational level, and 39.0% of them chose ‘none’ for their monthly salary. Also, 37.1% of them chose ‘no religion’ for religious status, 72.4% of them chose ‘have spouse’ for their marriage status, and 38.1% of them chose ‘2 people’ for number of their family living together, including themselves. Moreover, 25.7% of them chose number of disease that they have including chronic kidney disease, 72.4% of them chose ‘positive’ for their personality type, 32.4% of them chose ‘three children’ for number of their children, and 60.0% of them chose ‘yes’ for money support from their children. Lastly, 69.5% of them chose ‘felt proud’ of their children, 39.0% of them chose ‘average’, secondly 30.5% of them chose ‘bright’ for their laughing index, 86.7% of them chose ‘happiness due to feeling of freedom while keeping away from the hemodialysis', and 89.5% of them chose ‘happiness due to their family when receiving the hemodialysis' 2) As the result of analyzing the data regarding happiness, perceived stress, quality of life by aging in elderly hemodialysis patients, the average rates of happiness, perceived stress, quality of life by aging in elderly hemodialysis patients were 2.86±.32, 1.90±.52, and 2.03±.61 respectively. 3) The happiness during aging in elderly hemodialysis patients presented that there were statistically meaningful differences on gender(t=2.702, p=.008) and educational level(F=4.476, p=.001), concern about their children (F=6.113, p=.003), laughing index (F=3.785, p=.007), happiness due to feeling of freedom while keeping away from the hemodialysis (F=3.309, p=.001), and happiness due to their family when receiving the hemodialysis (F=3.051, p=.003). 4) The happiness during aging in all elderly hemodialysis patients were quality of life, have a statistically meaningful positive correlation with quality of life (r=.611) and a statistically meaningful negative correlation with perceived stress of life (r=.457) 5) The main cause that affected the happiness during aging in elderly hemodialysis patients were quality of life, (β=.549, p<.001) and educational level (β=.221, p=.006). Among many patients, about 41% of the elderly patients explained their happiness caused by aging (Adjust R² = 0.406).

In order to increase the happiness during aging in elderly hemodialysis patients, we need to enforce nursing with a direction to raise the quality of life. Also, in the future, we have to investigate the causes that affect happiness during aging as we establish to study happiness during aging as a subject to various groups, including elderly hemodialysis patients.

Key words: the elderly, hemodialysis, happiness during aging, stress, quality of life; ABSTRACT

Elderly Hemodialysis Patients Happiness During Aging, Perceived Stress and Quality of Life

Kang, Yeong-Eui Dept. of Nursing Administration The Graduate School of Public Policy Hanyang University Directed by Professor. Yoo, Eun-Kwang Ph.D, RN

The purpose of this paper is to offer the basic data to develop the program to improve the quality of life and enhance the happiness to minimize the stress while the aging is undergoing after the patients receive the hemodialysis. This research measures and verifies the relationship among the happiness of elderly hemodialysis patients by aging, perceived stress and quality of life. This research conducts a questionnaire survey of 105 old people who take dialysis for twice or three times per week at private hospital or university hospital of the national capital region. In this research, elderly patients, who can communicate, have a clear consciousness, and understand purpose of the research, were agreed to participate and the data was collected from April 7th, 2014 until April 26th, 2014. The statistics package of SPSS/Win Ver. 15.0 was used to analyze the collected data as numbers and percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Followings are the summarized result of the research.

1) The most chosen answers regarding the respective subjects of the survey were followed as: 50.5% of elderly patients were male, 46.7% of them were aged between 65~69, 25.7% of them chose ‘elementary school graduates’ for educational level, and 39.0% of them chose ‘none’ for their monthly salary. Also, 37.1% of them chose ‘no religion’ for religious status, 72.4% of them chose ‘have spouse’ for their marriage status, and 38.1% of them chose ‘2 people’ for number of their family living together, including themselves. Moreover, 25.7% of them chose number of disease that they have including chronic kidney disease, 72.4% of them chose ‘positive’ for their personality type, 32.4% of them chose ‘three children’ for number of their children, and 60.0% of them chose ‘yes’ for money support from their children. Lastly, 69.5% of them chose ‘felt proud’ of their children, 39.0% of them chose ‘average’, secondly 30.5% of them chose ‘bright’ for their laughing index, 86.7% of them chose ‘happiness due to feeling of freedom while keeping away from the hemodialysis', and 89.5% of them chose ‘happiness due to their family when receiving the hemodialysis' 2) As the result of analyzing the data regarding happiness, perceived stress, quality of life by aging in elderly hemodialysis patients, the average rates of happiness, perceived stress, quality of life by aging in elderly hemodialysis patients were 2.86±.32, 1.90±.52, and 2.03±.61 respectively. 3) The happiness during aging in elderly hemodialysis patients presented that there were statistically meaningful differences on gender(t=2.702, p=.008) and educational level(F=4.476, p=.001), concern about their children (F=6.113, p=.003), laughing index (F=3.785, p=.007), happiness due to feeling of freedom while keeping away from the hemodialysis (F=3.309, p=.001), and happiness due to their family when receiving the hemodialysis (F=3.051, p=.003). 4) The happiness during aging in all elderly hemodialysis patients were quality of life, have a statistically meaningful positive correlation with quality of life (r=.611) and a statistically meaningful negative correlation with perceived stress of life (r=.457) 5) The main cause that affected the happiness during aging in elderly hemodialysis patients were quality of life, (β=.549, p<.001) and educational level (β=.221, p=.006). Among many patients, about 41% of the elderly patients explained their happiness caused by aging (Adjust R² = 0.406).

In order to increase the happiness during aging in elderly hemodialysis patients, we need to enforce nursing with a direction to raise the quality of life. Also, in the future, we have to investigate the causes that affect happiness during aging as we establish to study happiness during aging as a subject to various groups, including elderly hemodialysis patients.

Key words: the elderly, hemodialysis, happiness during aging, stress, quality of life