공공문화시설의 유니버설디자인 적용에 관한 연구

Abstract

시민들의 문화수준이 향상되고, 문화적 욕구가 충족되는 것이 풍요로운 삶이라는 인식이 생겨남에 따라, 수도권을 시작으로 전국에 다양한 공공문화시설이 균형적으로 생겨나고 있다. 이러한 공공문화시설은 신체조건, 연령, 성별, 국적 등과 관계없이 불특정다수 사람들이 이용하는 시설이다. 따라서 장애인, 노인, 임산부, 외국인관람객 등 모두가 시설을 이용하는데 불편이 없어야 하며, 이를 위해서 유니버설디자인 개념의 적용이 요구된다. 이미 각 지자체나 연구기관, 다양한 학술자료 등을 통해 공공문화시설의 유니버설디자인 적용에 대한 연구를 진행하고 있으며, 그 결과 많은 개선이 이루어지고 있지만, 여전히 국내 대부분의 공공문화시설은 장애인이나 노인, 외국인 등이 접근하고 이용하기에 불편한 실정이다. 본 연구는 명확한 유니버설디자인 의미파악과 국내 공공문화시설 분석을 통해 유니버설디자인 관점에서의 방향성, 유니버설디자인의 5가지 요소를 통한 분석, 상위계획에 의한 적용성 여부 등의 분석을 진행하였다. 또한, 국내·외 관련 제도 및 연구자료 분석을 통해 도출된 시사점을 바탕으로 본 연구의 대상지인 ‘예술의전당’과 ‘국립중앙박물관’의 유니버설디자인 적용성 및 문제점고찰을 통해 서비스적 측면, 유니버설디자인적 측면, 행정적 측면에서의 방향성을 제안하였다. 상기와 같은 프로세스를 통해 본 연구에서 다음과 같은 결론이 도출되었다. 첫째, 모든 이용자를 배려한 보편적 서비스의 확대와 장애인, 외국인 등에 대한 서비스 제공을 경제적 원리에 따라 비효율적으로 보는 인식에 대한 변화가 필요하며, 이러한 노력은 공공문화시설의 하드웨어적인 측면뿐만 아니라 소프트웨어적인 측면을 포함하여 서비스 전반에 걸쳐 적용 및 관리되어야 한다. 둘째, 유니버설디자인에 대한 올바른 의미 재정립과 장애인 편의시설 설치를 형식적인 절차로만 치중하는 인식에 대한 개선을 바탕으로 신체조건, 연령, 국적 등 다양성을 띄는 이용자들의 편의를 위해 적절한 대처와 개선 및 관리가 필요하다. 셋째, 단순히 정형화된 기준만을 제시하는 현재의 정책 및 제도에서 벗어나 공공문화시설을 이용하는 실제 이용자의 입장에서 연구하고, 보편적 서비스에 대한 구체적이고 체계적인 정책 및 제도의 마련이 필요하다. 문화를 통한 지역경쟁력 확보와 세계적인 문화도시로의 성장은 사회구성원의 문화생활의 기회 확대 및 문화수준 향상, 우리나라의 문화를 접하기 위해 방문한 외국인 관광객에게 긍정적인 이미지를 심어주는 것으로부터 시작될 것이다. 향후에는 본 연구에서 다소 미흡했던 객관화된 평가지표 개발과 좀 더 다양한 사례의 분석 등이 필요할 것이며, 본 연구에서 제안한 내용은 이러한 과정을 위한 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대해본다.|With increased level of culture and rise in the notion that fulfilling cultural needs lead to enriched life, various cultural facilities for public use are symmetrically built starting from metropolitan area. These public cultural facilities are used by diverse people, regardless of their physical conditions, age, sex and nationalities. Therefore everyone including the handicapped, senior citizens, pregnant women and the foreign visitors should be able to use the facilities without difficulties, which calls for the implementation of the universal design. Even though the studies for the application of the universal design are being conducted by the local governments, research institutes, and numerous case studies, it is still difficult for the handicapped, the seniors and the foreign visitors to use majority of public cultural facilities. Through the clarification of the universal design and the analysis of domestic public cultural facilities, this study analyzed the directionality based on the universal design, analysis through the five elements of the universal design and the applicability to the high-ranking plans. Also, based on implications drawn from related domestic and foreign policies and researches, this study proposed directionality in the aspects of the service, the universal design, and the administration by analyzing the applicability and complications of the universal design in the Seoul Art Center and the National Museum of Korea, the target facilities of this study. Through the aforementioned processes, this study concluded following. First, the recognition that the expansion of the universal services for all and providing services for the handicapped and foreign visitors are economically inefficient must be changed and the effort to change the preconceived notion must be applied and supervised not only to the hardware aspect of the public cultural facilities, but also to the software aspects and to the overall services. Second, based on the correct understanding of the universal design, and change in the notion that applying handicap-friendly facility is nothing but the formality, implementation of proper measure and maintenance for convenience of facility users with diverse physical conditions, age, and nationality are required. Third, departing from the current policies with basic and stereotypical standards, researches in facility user's perspective must be conducted and concrete and systematical policies for universal service must be established. Ensuring regional competitiveness by culture and becoming global culture city would start from increasing people's opportunity for cultural life, improving the cultural level and providing positive image to the foreign visitors came for Korean culture. Following this study, development of an objective evaluation index and analysis of more cases, which was insufficient in this study, must be done, and proposals in this study may play as the baseline for following studies.; With increased level of culture and rise in the notion that fulfilling cultural needs lead to enriched life, various cultural facilities for public use are symmetrically built starting from metropolitan area. These public cultural facilities are used by diverse people, regardless of their physical conditions, age, sex and nationalities. Therefore everyone including the handicapped, senior citizens, pregnant women and the foreign visitors should be able to use the facilities without difficulties, which calls for the implementation of the universal design. Even though the studies for the application of the universal design are being conducted by the local governments, research institutes, and numerous case studies, it is still difficult for the handicapped, the seniors and the foreign visitors to use majority of public cultural facilities. Through the clarification of the universal design and the analysis of domestic public cultural facilities, this study analyzed the directionality based on the universal design, analysis through the five elements of the universal design and the applicability to the high-ranking plans. Also, based on implications drawn from related domestic and foreign policies and researches, this study proposed directionality in the aspects of the service, the universal design, and the administration by analyzing the applicability and complications of the universal design in the Seoul Art Center and the National Museum of Korea, the target facilities of this study. Through the aforementioned processes, this study concluded following. First, the recognition that the expansion of the universal services for all and providing services for the handicapped and foreign visitors are economically inefficient must be changed and the effort to change the preconceived notion must be applied and supervised not only to the hardware aspect of the public cultural facilities, but also to the software aspects and to the overall services. Second, based on the correct understanding of the universal design, and change in the notion that applying handicap-friendly facility is nothing but the formality, implementation of proper measure and maintenance for convenience of facility users with diverse physical conditions, age, and nationality are required. Third, departing from the current policies with basic and stereotypical standards, researches in facility user's perspective must be conducted and concrete and systematical policies for universal service must be established. Ensuring regional competitiveness by culture and becoming global culture city would start from increasing people's opportunity for cultural life, improving the cultural level and providing positive image to the foreign visitors came for Korean culture. Following this study, development of an objective evaluation index and analysis of more cases, which was insufficient in this study, must be done, and proposals in this study may play as the baseline for following studies.