해양경찰공무원의 직무특성이 조직성과에 미치는 영향

Abstract

우리나라는 삼면이 바다인 해양국가이며, 최근에는 독도와 이어도 등을 둘러싼 동북아 패권경쟁의 중심에 있다. 또한 불법조업 중국 어선의 서해 및 동해로의 진출 등으로 해양경비의 중요성이 날로 증가하고 있다. 해양경찰은 경비함정 등의 수단을 이용하여 국토면적의 4.5배를 관할하고 있으며, 해상경비 활동과 어업자원 보호, 해상치안활동에 국한되지 않고 해양오염방제, 해상수색 및 구조, 해상안전 기능 등을 수행하고 있다. 함정근무 특성상 출동시 길게는 10여일간 열악하고 폐쇄된 공간에서 고립된 생활을 하는 어려움을 안고 있다. 또한 임무수행 중 많은 위험성을 안고 있으며 정신적․육체적․환경적 스트레스 발생가능성이 타 직종에 비해 상대적으로 높다고 할 수 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 해양경찰의 직무특성이 조직성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 조직공정성은 어떠한 조절작용을 하는지 등을 알아보고, 이들 변수가 조직성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 실증적인 분석을 실시하였으며, 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 직무특성과 조직공정성, 조직성과에 대한 인식의 차이를 검증한 결과 성별에서는 직무중요성, 업무긴장성, 직무만족, 조직몰입 등에서 남성이 여성보다 높았으며, 기혼이 미혼보다 직무중요성을 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연령에서 직무중요성은 30대가, 업무재량성은 50대가, 직무만족은 40대가 높게 나타났다. 계급별 차이를 분석한 결과 근무특수성은 경장이, 직무중요성과 업무재량성은 경감이상이, 업무긴장성은 경사가, 절차공정성은 순경이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 직무만족과 조직몰입은 경감이상이 높았다. 둘째, 직무특성이 직무만족에 미치는 영향에서 직무중요성과 업무재량성이 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 직무특성이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 근무특수성은 음(-)의 영향을 미치고, 업무재량성은 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 직무특성이 직무만족에 미치는 영향에서 조직공정성이 조절작용을 할 것인가를 분석한 결과 분배공정성, 절차공정성, 상호작용공정성이 조절작용을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 직무특성이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에서 조직공정성이 조절작용을 할 것인가를 분석한 결과 상호작용공정성만이 직무특성이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에서 조절작용을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사용한 직무특성 변수는 해양경찰의 업무환경과 직접관련이 있는 변수들로 구성되어 있어 다른 공공조직이나 민간조직에서 일반화 하기에는 다소 무리가 있을 수 있다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제시된 모형과 결과를 바탕으로 다양한 후속연구가 진행되고, 지속적으로 일반화를 시킨다면 공공조직과 민간조직의 조직성과 향상을 위한 정책자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.|Korea is a maritime nation surrounded by the ocean, recently at the center of a dominance race in Northeast asia over Dokdo and Ieodo. Moreover, due to illegal Chinese fishing boats advancing to the West and East sea the importance of maritime security has become ever so grave. By deploying patrol ships, Korea Coast Guard protects its area of responsibilities which is 4.5 times larger than the territorial land. The duties are not limited to maritime patrol, protecting fisheries resources or keeping maritime order but also expand to preventing and recovering marine pollution, search and rescue and ensuring the safety of navigation. Once deployed, ship tours can last for 10 days at longest with the crew isolated in poor and closed surroundings. Because of these circumstances the mental, physical, environmental stress levels of the Coast Guard are relatively higher than other occupations. This study administered practical analyses on how the job attributes of Korea Coast Guard affects the organizational performance, how the organizational impartiality moderates and how these variables influence organizational performance. The method of research is to thoroughly examine previous works and theoretically systemize them while focusing on explaining the causal relation between the job attributes of Korea Coast Guard and organizational performance and how organizational impartiality regulates the outcome. The dependent variable is the organizational performance with job satisfaction and job immersion as subordinates, the independent variable the moderating variable is organizational impartiality with distributional impartiality, procedural impartiality and interactive impartiality as subordinates. the findings are as follows: First, demographical differences in perception of job attributes, organizational impartiality and organizational performance showed men had higher awareness for job importance, job tension, job satisfaction and organizational immersion than women. Married people had higher awareness of job importance than unmarried people. According to age, job importance for the 30s, job discretion for the 50s, job satisfaction for the 40s were the highest factors. Differences among ranks showed high job particularity for Senior Police Officers, high job importance and job discretion for Senior Inspectors and above, high job tension for Assistant Inspectors and high procedural impartiality for Police Officers. Job satisfaction and organizational immersion showed highest in Senior Inspectors and above. Secondly, the influence of job attributes on job satisfaction showed that job importance and job discretion had positive effects. Thirdly, influence of job attributes on organizational immersion showed that job particularity had negative effects and job discretion had positive effects. Fourthly, whether organizational impartiality moderates the influence of job attributes on organizational immersion, analyses showed that distributional, procedural, interactive impartiality were accounted for. The job attributes variables used in this study are composed of variables directly related to the work environment of Korea Coast Guard, therefore, would be rather hard to adopt them to other public or private sector institutions. However, with various follow up studies and continuous generalizations we expect this research could serve as a policy making aid for organizational performance improvement in both sectors.; Korea is a maritime nation surrounded by the ocean, recently at the center of a dominance race in Northeast asia over Dokdo and Ieodo. Moreover, due to illegal Chinese fishing boats advancing to the West and East sea the importance of maritime security has become ever so grave. By deploying patrol ships, Korea Coast Guard protects its area of responsibilities which is 4.5 times larger than the territorial land. The duties are not limited to maritime patrol, protecting fisheries resources or keeping maritime order but also expand to preventing and recovering marine pollution, search and rescue and ensuring the safety of navigation. Once deployed, ship tours can last for 10 days at longest with the crew isolated in poor and closed surroundings. Because of these circumstances the mental, physical, environmental stress levels of the Coast Guard are relatively higher than other occupations. This study administered practical analyses on how the job attributes of Korea Coast Guard affects the organizational performance, how the organizational impartiality moderates and how these variables influence organizational performance. The method of research is to thoroughly examine previous works and theoretically systemize them while focusing on explaining the causal relation between the job attributes of Korea Coast Guard and organizational performance and how organizational impartiality regulates the outcome. The dependent variable is the organizational performance with job satisfaction and job immersion as subordinates, the independent variable the moderating variable is organizational impartiality with distributional impartiality, procedural impartiality and interactive impartiality as subordinates. the findings are as follows: First, demographical differences in perception of job attributes, organizational impartiality and organizational performance showed men had higher awareness for job importance, job tension, job satisfaction and organizational immersion than women. Married people had higher awareness of job importance than unmarried people. According to age, job importance for the 30s, job discretion for the 50s, job satisfaction for the 40s were the highest factors. Differences among ranks showed high job particularity for Senior Police Officers, high job importance and job discretion for Senior Inspectors and above, high job tension for Assistant Inspectors and high procedural impartiality for Police Officers. Job satisfaction and organizational immersion showed highest in Senior Inspectors and above. Secondly, the influence of job attributes on job satisfaction showed that job importance and job discretion had positive effects. Thirdly, influence of job attributes on organizational immersion showed that job particularity had negative effects and job discretion had positive effects. Fourthly, whether organizational impartiality moderates the influence of job attributes on organizational immersion, analyses showed that distributional, procedural, interactive impartiality were accounted for. The job attributes variables used in this study are composed of variables directly related to the work environment of Korea Coast Guard, therefore, would be rather hard to adopt them to other public or private sector institutions. However, with various follow up studies and continuous generalizations we expect this research could serve as a policy making aid for organizational performance improvement in both sectors.