연구개발인력의 개인역량이 프로젝트 관리와 성과에 미치는 영향

Abstract

최근 빠르게 변화하는 기술시장에서 국가 경쟁력을 보유하기 위해 지식과 기술의 생산성 향상이 매우 중요한 역할을 차지하고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 연구개발이 핵심영역으로 발돋움하고 있으며 국가는 과학기술분야에 대한 투자를 확대해 나가고 있다. 우리나라도 경제성장률 강화를 위해 연구개발에 대한 투자를 확대해 나가고 있다. 하지만 이러한 노력에도 불구하고 국가연구개발사업의 질적 성과가 미흡하다는 지적이 끊임없이 제기되고 있다. 국가연구개발사업의 생산성과 투자 효율성을 높이기 위해 연구개발에 대한 관리 및 성과제고에 대한 종합적 고찰이 필요하다고 판단된다.

연구개발은 일반적인 프로젝트와 다르게 기술적 불확실성이 높고 고학력의 전문 인력이 투입된다는 특성이 있지만, 주어진 범위, 일정, 예산에서 유일한 결과물을 도출한다는 점에서 프로젝트 관리를 통해 효율성을 높일 수 있다고 판단된다. 하지만 국가연구개발사업의 수행주체인 연구자들은 자신의 연구분야에 전문성을 보유하고 있으나 프로젝트관리에 대한 지식, 스킬, 방법 등에 대해서는 상대적으로 부족하다. 또한 국가연구개발사업을 효율적으로 추진하기 위한 프로젝트관리에 대한 선행연구가 미미한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국가연구개발사업의 연구책임자(PM)와 참여연구원의 개인역량이 프로젝트 관리와 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대해 실증적으로 분석하였다.

본 연구는 국가연구개발사업을 수행하는 연구책임자(PM) 307명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 연구책임자(PM)의 개인역량이 프로젝트 성과에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 도출되었다. 특히 직무 역량이 연구 성과에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 연구책임자(PM) 직무역량보다 리더십과 공통역량이 참여연구원의 개인역량에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구책임자(PM)의 개인역량과 참여연구원의 개인역량은 프로젝트 관리에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 프로젝트관리 지식 영역중 인적자원관리, 의사소통관리, 통합관리가 프로젝트 성과에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 정부·연구관리기관 및 수행기관의 지원체계는 연구개발인력이 프로젝트 관리 수행에 큰 영향을 주지 않으며, 연구분야에 따라 프로젝트 관리를 차별을 둘 필요는 없는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구를 통해 연구개발인력의 개인역량과 프로젝트 관리, 성과에 유의미한 관계가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 국가연구개발사업의 특성을 고려하였을 때 연구개발인력에게 우선적으로 함양해야 할 역량과 프로젝트 관리 지식영역 중 중요하게 고려하여야 할 부분을 제시함으로써 향후 국가연구개발사업의 성과를 제고하기 위해 연구개발현장에서 이루어져야 할 현실적인 방안을 제시하였다. 또한 국가연구개발사업에 초점을 맞춰 프로젝트 관리에 대한 선행연구가 부족한 시점에서 본 연구결과가 향후 국가연구개발사업 프로젝트 관리 모델 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.| Productivity improvement of knowledge and skills is a very important role to hold the country's competitiveness in a rapidly changing technology market recently. In this situation R&D(Research and Development) has become a key area so most countries are expanding their investment for R&D. Korea is also expanding its investment in R&D in order to enhance economic growth. However, despite of these efforts, it is constantly pointed out that the qualitative output of national R&D projects is insufficient. To increase the productivity and the investment efficiency of the national R&D, it is necessary to total review about the management and performance enhancement of it.

R&D has the characteristic that technological uncertainty is high and highly educated professionals are committed unlike other common project. However, it is similar that R&D like other common project derive unique result with given time and budget. So R&D also use project management to enhance the efficiency and probability of success. The researchers who are conducting subject of national R&D projects, have expertise in their field of research but knowledge of project management, skills, and methods is relatively lack. There are just few prior studies for the project management for carrying out the national R&D projects efficiently.

In this study, I empirically analyzed that the factors that individual competency of project manager and participating researchers affect the project management and its performance. This study was carried out a survey of the 307 project manager who are conducting national R&D projects. As a result, the individual competency of project manager impact directly on project performance. In particular, the job competency is showed the greatest impact on research. And it showed that project manager's leadership and common competencies are greater impact on individual competencies of the participating researchers than job competencies. Personal competencies of the project manager and participating researchers give a positive effect on project management. Human resource management, communication management and integrated management in the project management knowledge area showed that the greatest impact on project performance. The supporting system of Governments, research managing institutions, and affiliated organization does not give a significant effect on the R&D project management. And it is no necessary for project management to discriminate according to the R&D area.

This study shows that personal competencies, project management of R&D and performance have significant relationship. When considering the characteristics of the national R&D. This study shows the priority of the personal competencies of project manager and researchers to development and that of project management knowledge. These results suggest a realistic plan to be have in the R&D site in order to improve the performance of national R&D projects. In addition, the rack of previous research focused on the national R&D project management, this study will also be able to be used as the basis for establishing a future national R&D project management model.; Productivity improvement of knowledge and skills is a very important role to hold the country's competitiveness in a rapidly changing technology market recently. In this situation R&D(Research and Development) has become a key area so most countries are expanding their investment for R&D. Korea is also expanding its investment in R&D in order to enhance economic growth. However, despite of these efforts, it is constantly pointed out that the qualitative output of national R&D projects is insufficient. To increase the productivity and the investment efficiency of the national R&D, it is necessary to total review about the management and performance enhancement of it.

R&D has the characteristic that technological uncertainty is high and highly educated professionals are committed unlike other common project. However, it is similar that R&D like other common project derive unique result with given time and budget. So R&D also use project management to enhance the efficiency and probability of success. The researchers who are conducting subject of national R&D projects, have expertise in their field of research but knowledge of project management, skills, and methods is relatively lack. There are just few prior studies for the project management for carrying out the national R&D projects efficiently.

In this study, I empirically analyzed that the factors that individual competency of project manager and participating researchers affect the project management and its performance. This study was carried out a survey of the 307 project manager who are conducting national R&D projects. As a result, the individual competency of project manager impact directly on project performance. In particular, the job competency is showed the greatest impact on research. And it showed that project manager's leadership and common competencies are greater impact on individual competencies of the participating researchers than job competencies. Personal competencies of the project manager and participating researchers give a positive effect on project management. Human resource management, communication management and integrated management in the project management knowledge area showed that the greatest impact on project performance. The supporting system of Governments, research managing institutions, and affiliated organization does not give a significant effect on the R&D project management. And it is no necessary for project management to discriminate according to the R&D area.

This study shows that personal competencies, project management of R&D and performance have significant relationship. When considering the characteristics of the national R&D. This study shows the priority of the personal competencies of project manager and researchers to development and that of project management knowledge. These results suggest a realistic plan to be have in the R&D site in order to improve the performance of national R&D projects. In addition, the rack of previous research focused on the national R&D project management, this study will also be able to be used as the basis for establishing a future national R&D project management model.