지식기반 BIM 설계를 위한 프레임워크

Abstract

급변하는 21세기에 지식정보사회로 대변되는 미래사회에서의 경쟁력은 지식의 축적과 공유 및 활용을 위한 지식기반 기술에 기초하고 있다. 산업 경쟁력을 노동력에 주로 의존하는 건설업분야는 지식기반의 경쟁력을 확보하기 위한 변화하고 있다. 또한 미래설계환경에서의 경쟁력은 지식기반 시스템의 구축과 활용에 달려있다.

건축설계는 건설 프로젝트의 시작단계이며 프로젝트의 요구사항에 따라 다양한 디자인 문제를 찾을 수 있다. 설계안은 요구사항의 분석과 종합이라는 문제해결에 의해 완성된다. 최종 설계안은 설계도서라는 산출물로 구성된다. 설계도서는 설계과정에서 발생하는 모든 지능적 판단과 내포되어 있는 모든 설계의도를 담을 수는 없다. 특히, 설계도서의 모든 정보는 분산되어 있다.

최근 주목 받는 BIM 설계는 3D 형상정보와 연계된 속성정보를 저장하고 통합할 수 있는 설계방법이다. 따라서 BIM 설계는 설계과정에서 발생하는 다양한 정보를 디지털화하여 저장하고 재사용할 수 있어 축적된 정보를 건축설계지식으로 조직화할 수 있는 가능성을 가지고 있다.

향후 미래설계환경에서 BIM은 새로운 정보 전달 매체로서의 역할을 수행할 것이다. BIM 저작도구는 3D 형상정보와 연관된 속성정보를 통합하여 저장할 수 있고 매개변수를 통해 속성정보를 사용자화할 수 있다. 그러므로 BIM 설계는 BIM 모델과 추가적인 절차를 통해 설계지식과 형상정보를 조직화할 수 있을 것이다.

건축설계과정이 설계요구사항들을 분석하고 각각에 대한 해결방안을 종합하는 문제해결과정임을 이해한다면, 건축설계과정을 논리적으로 해석하고 설계과정에서 필요한 설계 요구사항과 대안작성 과정을 설계지식 측면에서 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이상과 같이 설계과정 메커니즘을 BIM 설계에 적용하여 지식기반 BIM 설계를 위한 프레임워크를 제안하고자 한다.

본 연구는 전체 6장으로 구성되며, 각 장의 내용은 다음과 같다.

1장에서는 연구의 배경과 목적, 연구의 범위와 방법을 설명하였다. 미래설계환경에서의 경쟁력은 지식기반 시스템의 구축과 활용에 달려있다. 미래설계환경에서 BIM은 새로운 정보 전달 매체로서의 역할을 수행할 것이다. 건축설계과정이 설계요구사항들을 분석하고 각각에 대한 해결방안을 종합하는 문제해결과정으로 본다면, 건축설계과정을 논리적으로 해석하고 설계과정에서 필요한 요구사항들을 설계지식 측면에서 이해할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 설계지식을 재현하기 위한 BIM 템플릿을 구현하여 지식기반 BIM 설계를 위한 프레임워크를 제안하고자 한다.

2장에서는 연구와 관련된 문헌을 통해 기본 이론을 고찰하였다. 정보처리이론, 설계지식, 건축설계과정에 대한 기본 이론을 고찰하였다. 정보처리이론은 인간의 문제해결을 위한 정보처리행위를 설명한 모델이며, 건축설계의 문제해결과정을 정보처리과정으로 정의할 수 있다. 설계지식의 개념을 파악하기 위해 지식, 정보, 데이터의 개념적 차이와 정보처리이론에서 요구하는 설계지식의 분류체계에 대해 고찰하였다. 건축설계과정은 몇몇 건축설계 이론가들이 발표한 건축설계방법론을 고찰하고 건축설계과정에서 일어나는 각종 정보의 처리방법에 대해 논하였다.

3장에서는 건축설계분야에서 지식기반 시스템과 BIM 템플릿 개발 사례를 조사하고 분석하였다. 건축설계분야에서 지식기반 시스템 연구사례와 BIM 설계를 위한 템플릿 개발사례를 조사하고 경향을 분석하였다. 먼저, 지식기반 시스템과 관련된 연구사례를 비교하여 건축설계분야에서 요구하는 설계지식의 특성에 대해 논하였다. BIM 템플릿은 BIM 설계를 지원하는 효과적인 도구이며, BIM 템플릿 사용의 가장 중요한 목적은 표준화된 정보의 입력과 일관된 프로세스의 안내이다. 그러므로 BIM 설계에서 설계지식을 저장과정을 파악하기 위해 BIM 템플릿 개발사례를 분석하고, 빌딩정보의 변환과정과 BIM 템플릿에 적용된 빌딩정보의 유형을 분류하였다.

4장에서는 BIM 건축설계 프로세스의 지식 정보화과정을 고찰하기 위해 계획설계단계에서 법규검토과정을 BIM 모델에 적용하여 설계지식 처리과정을 분석하였다. 계획설계단계에서 법규검토는 가장 필수적이며, 기본적인 요구사항이다. 법규는 대표적인 명시적인 지식 중 하나로서 설계과정에서 설계지식의 형태로 표현할 수 있다. 법규검토과정을 설계지식측면으로 분석하고 BIM 모델의 속성정보에 해당 설계지식을 재현하기 위한 변환과정과 이를 지원하기 위한 매체로서 BIM 템플릿과 애드온의 메커니즘을 제안하였다.

5장에서는 4장의 적용과정을 통해 BIM 설계에서 설계지식의 처리과정을 프레임워크로 제안하였다. 설계과정에서 필요한 설계정보와 설계요구사항을 분석하여 설계지식의 주요 인자로 추출하고, 해당 설계지식을 BIM 모델에 재현하는 과정을 프레임워크로 제안하였다.

6장에서는 연구의 결과를 기술하고 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향에 대해 논하였다. 연구의 결과를 종합하여 BIM 모델에 설계지식을 재현하기 위한 프레임워크를 제안하고, 실례를 구성하여 설계지식을 재현하기 위한 매핑테이블인 BIM템플릿과 알고리즘을 구현한 애드온을 개발하였다.

연구의 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 건축설계과정을 논리구조로 표현하고, 설계요구사항을 분석하여 위계에 맞게 분류하였다. 둘째, BIM 모델에 설계지식을 재현하기 위해 설계지식 중 선언적 지식과 절차적 지식을 BIM 객체에 대응되는 매핑테이블을 정의하였고 매핑테이블에 대응되는 BIM 객체의 매개변수를 추가하여 BIM 템플릿을 개발하였다. 셋째, 설계지식 중 상황 지식과 전략적 지식을 구현할 애드온의 알고리즘을 정의하였다. 넷째, 이상의 설계지식 재현 매커니즘을 지식기반 BIM 설계 프레임워크로 제안하였다.

향후 본 연구에서 구현한 BIM 템플릿과 애드온을 시범 프로젝트에 적용하여 지식기반 법규검토과정을 증명하고 무장애 설계프로세스를 분석하여 지식기반 BIM 설계 프레임워크에 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 이를 통해 BIM 모델에 재현된 설계지식은 설계과정에서의 의사결정을 지원하고 설계지식이 재현된 BIM 설계 프로젝트를 축적하여 사례기반추론시스템에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.|A Competitiveness in the future society as represented by the rapidly changing knowledge and information society in the 21st century is based on a knowledge-based technology for the accumulation of knowledge and the sharing and utilization. It will be changed to have a knowledge-based competitiveness that is Construction industry has been largely dependant on labor. And also a competitiveness of future design environment will depend on developing and applying knowledge based systems.

The beginning stage in construction projects is architectural design stage. In design stage that can seek a number of problems according to the requirements of the project. And the design will be completed with the problem-solving by analysis and synthesis of the requirements. The final designs is represented by deliverable of design documents. The design documents could not contained all design intents. Especially, all information in drawings are fragmented.

Recently, BIM design that receives the most attention is the method that is integrated properties information associated with 3d geometry information. Therefore, BIM design could be had the possibility to organize the information in a knowledge. This is meaning of preparing

In the future, BIM will execute role as a new information transfer media in the future design environments. BIM authoring tools are able to integrate the properties information and the 3d geometry information, and be customized the properties information through parameter. Therefore BIM design could be organized the design knowledge and properties information through the BIM model and additional procedure.

If the architectural design process is a problem-seeking and problem-solving, the design process could be analyzed as logical aspects and the requirements in the design process could be understood as the design knowledge aspects. This study proposes a framework for knowledge base BIM design by developing of BIM template for design knowledge representation.

This study is consisted of six chapters in whole, and the outline of each chapter is as follows:

The background, the objectives, the scope and the method of the study are explained under chapter 1. A competitiveness of future design environment will depend on developing and applying knowledge based systems. BIM will execute role as a new information transfer media in the future design environments. If the architectural design process is a problem-seeking and problem-solving, the design process could be analyzed as logical aspects and the requirements in the design process could be understood as the design knowledge aspects. This study proposes a framework for knowledge base BIM design by developing of BIM template for design knowledge representation.

In chapter 2, through the literatures related to this study were reviewed the basic theories. This study was discussed the basic theory of design knowledge, architectural design process and information processing theory. The information processing theory, it is a model that describes the processing actions to solve the human problem. And it can be defined architectural design problem solving process as a information processing. To understand the concept of design knowledge, this study was discussed the difference of the concept of data and information and knowledge, and required classification system of design knowledge by the information processing theory. Architectural design process was investigated several architectural theorists architectural design methodology presented and discussed how to handle various types of information occurring in the architectural design process. In chapter 3, this study was analyzed to investigate the knowledge-based system and BIM template development case in the field of architecture design. In the field of architecture design, knowledge-based system and BIM template development case was investigated and analyzed trends. First, by comparing the case study associated with the knowledge-based system, discussed the characteristics of design knowledge required in the field of architectural design. BIM template is an effective tool to support BIM design. And the most important purpose of the use of BIM template is a guide of a process with inputs and consistency standardized information. As Representative examples, this study was analyzed GSA BIM template and RSK BIM template. And discussed how to save the design knowledge by using BIM template. In chapter 5, the process of design knowledge in BIM design is proposed as a framework. through the application process of chapter 4. Analyzing the design information and design requirements for the design process to extract a key factor in the design knowledge, and proposes a process of representation the design knowledge in BIM model as a framework.

In chapter 6, describe the result of the research and the limitations of the study were discussed. Based on these results of the study, proposed the framework for reproduce the design on the BIM model, configured the examples and developed the bim template that was mapping table for reproducing a design knowledge and the add-on that was implements the algorithm.

The results of the study, it can be summarized as follows. First, the architectural design process is represented by a logical structure. And it was classified according to rank analyzes the design requirements. Second, in order to reproduce the design knowledge to BIM model, this study was defined a mapping table as mapping for procedural knowledge and declarative knowledge in BIM objects. Third, this study was defined the algorithm of add-on to implement the situation knowledge and strategic knowledge of design knowledge. Fourth, this study was proposed a design knowledge reproduction mechanism of a framework of knowledge-based BIM design. In the next study, demonstrate the knowledge-based code-checking process by applying implemented template and add-on for BIM on a pilot project and apply the knowledge-based BIM design framework by analyzing the barrier-free design process. Thus, the design knowledge reproduced in BIM model, to support decisions in the design process, could be able to make the case-based reasoning system by accumulating the BIM design project knowledge of the design is reproduced.; A Competitiveness in the future society as represented by the rapidly changing knowledge and information society in the 21st century is based on a knowledge-based technology for the accumulation of knowledge and the sharing and utilization. It will be changed to have a knowledge-based competitiveness that is Construction industry has been largely dependant on labor. And also a competitiveness of future design environment will depend on developing and applying knowledge based systems.

The beginning stage in construction projects is architectural design stage. In design stage that can seek a number of problems according to the requirements of the project. And the design will be completed with the problem-solving by analysis and synthesis of the requirements. The final designs is represented by deliverable of design documents. The design documents could not contained all design intents. Especially, all information in drawings are fragmented.

Recently, BIM design that receives the most attention is the method that is integrated properties information associated with 3d geometry information. Therefore, BIM design could be had the possibility to organize the information in a knowledge. This is meaning of preparing

In the future, BIM will execute role as a new information transfer media in the future design environments. BIM authoring tools are able to integrate the properties information and the 3d geometry information, and be customized the properties information through parameter. Therefore BIM design could be organized the design knowledge and properties information through the BIM model and additional procedure.

If the architectural design process is a problem-seeking and problem-solving, the design process could be analyzed as logical aspects and the requirements in the design process could be understood as the design knowledge aspects. This study proposes a framework for knowledge base BIM design by developing of BIM template for design knowledge representation.

This study is consisted of six chapters in whole, and the outline of each chapter is as follows:

The background, the objectives, the scope and the method of the study are explained under chapter 1. A competitiveness of future design environment will depend on developing and applying knowledge based systems. BIM will execute role as a new information transfer media in the future design environments. If the architectural design process is a problem-seeking and problem-solving, the design process could be analyzed as logical aspects and the requirements in the design process could be understood as the design knowledge aspects. This study proposes a framework for knowledge base BIM design by developing of BIM template for design knowledge representation.

In chapter 2, through the literatures related to this study were reviewed the basic theories. This study was discussed the basic theory of design knowledge, architectural design process and information processing theory. The information processing theory, it is a model that describes the processing actions to solve the human problem. And it can be defined architectural design problem solving process as a information processing. To understand the concept of design knowledge, this study was discussed the difference of the concept of data and information and knowledge, and required classification system of design knowledge by the information processing theory. Architectural design process was investigated several architectural theorists architectural design methodology presented and discussed how to handle various types of information occurring in the architectural design process. In chapter 3, this study was analyzed to investigate the knowledge-based system and BIM template development case in the field of architecture design. In the field of architecture design, knowledge-based system and BIM template development case was investigated and analyzed trends. First, by comparing the case study associated with the knowledge-based system, discussed the characteristics of design knowledge required in the field of architectural design. BIM template is an effective tool to support BIM design. And the most important purpose of the use of BIM template is a guide of a process with inputs and consistency standardized information. As Representative examples, this study was analyzed GSA BIM template and RSK BIM template. And discussed how to save the design knowledge by using BIM template. In chapter 5, the process of design knowledge in BIM design is proposed as a framework. through the application process of chapter 4. Analyzing the design information and design requirements for the design process to extract a key factor in the design knowledge, and proposes a process of representation the design knowledge in BIM model as a framework.

In chapter 6, describe the result of the research and the limitations of the study were discussed. Based on these results of the study, proposed the framework for reproduce the design on the BIM model, configured the examples and developed the bim template that was mapping table for reproducing a design knowledge and the add-on that was implements the algorithm.

The results of the study, it can be summarized as follows. First, the architectural design process is represented by a logical structure. And it was classified according to rank analyzes the design requirements. Second, in order to reproduce the design knowledge to BIM model, this study was defined a mapping table as mapping for procedural knowledge and declarative knowledge in BIM objects. Third, this study was defined the algorithm of add-on to implement the situation knowledge and strategic knowledge of design knowledge. Fourth, this study was proposed a design knowledge reproduction mechanism of a framework of knowledge-based BIM design. In the next study, demonstrate the knowledge-based code-checking process by applying implemented template and add-on for BIM on a pilot project and apply the knowledge-based BIM design framework by analyzing the barrier-free design process. Thus, the design knowledge reproduced in BIM model, to support decisions in the design process, could be able to make the case-based reasoning system by accumulating the BIM design project knowledge of the design is reproduced.