건축 설계 프로세스의 BIM 기반 친환경 건축 평가에 관한 연구

Abstract

Driven by governments, all countries are enacting laws related to environmental improvements and establishing policies to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG). Because 26.9% of the reduction plans from a total of 30% national GHG reduction target is set in the building area, most countries are inducing green building expansion through the implementation of green building standards that reflect the countries’ standards to achieve the 2020 target. To construct buildings that conform to the certification by satisfying the eco-friendliness of buildings, studies that consider this requirement should be performed from the initial design stage. However, there are several complicated work processes and problems in analysing items in detail, recognizing demand related to data, and applying data to work. With respect to the evaluation method for G-SEED implemented in Korea, inspectors perform evaluations manually based on design documents and related materials presented by the designers. However, because the detailed standards required for G-SEED certification are diverse and the evaluation process is complicated, the information to review and the work processes required to compute the certification grade are increasing. Therefore, receiving a G-SEED certification grade is time-consuming because of the amount of time required to conduct such an evaluation. Furthermore, problems such as missing data and subjective decisions might occur, thereby destroying credibility. In addition, as the amount of required design documents and related materials increase, unnecessary resources are wasted, causing environmental problems. Accordingly, to revitalize the construction of green buildings based on G-SEED, the development of a new technique that provides effective support with respect to detailed certification items is required. This study seeks to propose a Green BIM Template(GBT), a Building Information Modelling (BIM)-based green template, and to construct an evaluation system that users(designers) or reviewers can utilize to evaluate G-SEED certifications. To reduce CO2 emissions from buildings, it is necessary to utilise a building construction method that minimises CO2 emissions by introducing a fast and accurate computation plan at the design stage. Toward that end, building information modeling(BIM) is an effective approach. However, the implementation of the BIM model for BIM-based CO2 emission quantity assessment yields different results depending on the unstandardized work environment of the designers or users. Accordingly, the development of new applicable techniques is required that can support the information of detailed items in certification more efficiently to vitalize green buildings based on green building standards. From this perspective, this study seeks to propose a practical method to support the design of green buildings using a GBT, BIM-based green template, and to develop the supportive and evaluative environment for the demands of green building standards via GBT. GBT is a platform that provides the environment to automatically extract the information required to evaluate the G-SEED standard through the BIM model that contains environmental performance information and computes the final certification grade. According to the automatic certification process and evaluation, users can find objective information quickly and confirm a trusting certification grade. Moreover, a simplified process, compared to the existing green building certification programs, reduces cost and time, thus providing convenience to users. Accordingly, this program contributes to the revitalization of improved green buildings because a wider approach becomes available that considers the users’ situation, and information analysis and management also become available. This study seeks to revitalize green buildings through the establishment of BIM-based systems for objective and effective green building evaluation. The scope of the study is set based on the evaluation standards of G-SEED for apartment houses that was announced on June 2013, CO2 emission quantity is analysed using the national Life Cycle Inventory database (LCI DB), which was developed at the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs, Ministry of Environment, and the Ministry of Knowledge Economy and managed by the Environmental Industry & Technology Institute, and the assessment method was established. Autodesk RevitⓇ, Microsoft Access and Microsoft Excel were used as the development platform. For users who have difficulty accessing green building designs, we performed this study with the methods described in the next paragraphs in order to find the techniques for developing the GBT that is the evaluation environment through which users can access green buildings by a system that uses G-SEED, and to find the plan for its use. First, the background, purpose, scope, and method of this study are introduced in the instruction part. Second, the BIM-based green template concept is established by managing the need of BIM for green buildings via a theoretical study, and green building certification programs from Korea and overseas are analysed. Third, the BIM application method is set via the analysis of detailed G-SEED items, and its applicability is examined. Fourth, the GBT concept and structure are established, the process applied to G-SEED is organized, and the system for obtaining the final G-SEED certification grade is constructed. Fifth, the BIM data implementation method is established based on the construction element combination, and the CO2 emission quantity assessment method of buildings is examined. Sixth, the method to utilize the constructed GBT is sought. Lastly, the supplemental needs of the constructed BIM-based system and the establishment of the development plan in the future are managed. For green buildings, integrated analysis should be considered from the design stage based on information such as objective analysis results of environmental data, energy simulation, and input variables. This can be accomplished through BIM, a 3D design tool that imports the information related to buildings into a database and links it. This study proposed GBT, a BIM-based evaluation environment system, in order to support G-SEED, a certification program that can judge green building performance, to be evaluated based on BIM. GBT was classified based on G-SEED evaluation items into GBTⓘ that is involved in providing a library added with environmental analysis data and guiding, and GBTⓞ, a G-SEED evaluation system. Subsequently, specific information was extracted after BIM modelling through GBTⓘ, BIM information was imported into a database through GBTⓞ, and lastly, the final certification class could confirmed by evaluating G-SEED items. The G-SEED item evaluation method was constructed with 11 automatic input methods, ten user input methods, 15 checklist methods, and five automatic input and user input methods; thus, a total of 41 items were systemized. In this process, GBT provided a screen through which users can confirm the results by G-SEED sub-item, such that if the result does not meet the class and score standard users require, the users can make quick decisions by confirming the corresponding data through the evaluation item. A BIM-based building CO2 emission quantity computation process was established. Using the BIM-based national LCI DB, the base unit CO2 emission quantity DB of the building material was matched and the quantity of the building material was computed to establish the process that computes the building’s CO2 emission quantity. Hereafter, we plan to develop a web environment without making the BIM data link platform dependent on a specific program, in order to improve users’ accessibility and convenience.