Q-방법론을 적용한 정신질환에 대한 일반인의 태도

Abstract

본 연구는 Q-방법론을 적용해 정신질환에 대한 일반인의 태도를 주관적 구조 유형과 유형별 특성을 분석하여 정신질환에 대한 올바른 이해와 긍정적인 태도를 갖기 위한 간호 전략의 기초자료를 제시하기 위해 시도되었다. 본 연구의 Q 모집단은 가족 중에 정신질환을 가진 사람 3명, 가족 중에 정신질환을 가지고 있지 않는 사람 3명을 대상으로 하여 심층 면담과 문헌고찰을 통해 구성된 진술문 85개를 수집하였다. 이를 종합 분석하여 최종 추출된 33개의 진술문을 서울시에 거주하는 20세 이상 60세 미만의 남성과 여성 중에서 각각 15명씩 총 30명에게 분류하도록 하였다. 수집된 자료들은 PC QUANL 프로그램을 통하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 정신질환에 대한 일반인에 대한 태도의 인식 유형은 네 가지로 나타났으며 구체적인 내용은 다음과 같다. 제 1유형은“관용과 인권 중시형”으로 정신질환의 인식에 대해 가장 많은 설명력을 지닌 유형으로 나타났으며, 정신질환을 가진 사람에 대해 인격존중과 관대한 태도를 취해야 한다고 생각하고 있었다. 이들에게는 정신질환에 대한 지식만을 전달하는 교육이 아니라 지식 기반 위에 실질적인 인권 존중 교육을 바탕으로 한 교육의 실천이 간호 중재 전략으로 필요한 유형이다. 제 2유형은“인식 개선형”으로 정신질환은 의지력과 자기조절의 문제가 아닌 일종의 질환으로 다른 병과 같이 생각하고 정신질환에 대한 부정적 인식을 언론을 통해 개선해야한다는 견해를 보였다. 이들에게는 대중매체를 통한 정신질환의 신중한 보도와 적극적인 홍보를 간호인력을 통해 지속될 수 있는 정책을 마련하는 것이 간호 중재 전략으로 필요한 유형이다. 제 3유형은“관리 중시형”으로 정신질환자에게 책임질만한 일을 맡겨서는 안되지만 주변의 적절한 관리와 도움이 있다면 일상생활과 단순한 노동은 할 수 있다고 생각하였다. 이들에게는 사회복귀와 재활에 있어서 가족, 이웃, 지역사회의 지지와 관리가 중요하므로 지역사회 연계를 통해 다양한 정신 교육 프로그램과 지지모임을 통한 전반적인 관리가 실천될 수 있도록 하는 것이 간호 중재전략으로 필요한 유형이다. 제 4유형은“치료 중시형”으로 이들은 우리와 함께 살아가는 이웃으로서 정신질환을 가진 사람들을 대하고 적절한 치료가 가장 중요하다고 생각하였으므로 퇴원 후에도 사회적응을 위해 적절한 치료가 이어갈 수 있는 긍정적인 사회 분위기를 조성해야하며 지역사회 내에서도 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 정신 보건 연계 프로그램의 시행이 간호 중재 전략으로 필요한 유형이다. 공통적으로 모든 유형의 대상자들은 정신질환에 걸리더라도 지속적 관심과 지지가 있다면 일상생활을 할 수 있고 자연히 낫는 병이 아니기 때문에 국가적으로 정신질환의 예방과 치료에 많은 예산이 반영되어야 할 필요성이 있으며, 정신질환에 대해 훨씬 더 관대한 태도를 취해야한다고 생각하였다. 본 연구는 각 유형의 특성에 따라 일반인이 정신질환에 대한 긍정적인 인식이 가능하도록 도움을 줄 수 있는 간호 중재 전략을 제시하였다. 추후에는 본 연구의 결과를 통해 유형별 특성에 제시된 간호 중재 전략에 대한 평가와 구체적인 간호 전략 방안도 함께 모색되어야 할 것이다.

|In this study, analyze the type and by type characteristic of the subjective data structure by applying a Q- methodology has been developed to the public's attitude can grasp the human subjectivity in detail for mental illness, and to psychiatric disorders it was tried for the purpose of presenting basics of nursing strategy resources to have the correct understanding and a positive attitude. The Q population for the public's attitude on mental illness targeted three people with mental illness in the family, three people who do not have a mental illness in the family via the deep interviews and literature discussion sentence they were collected 85 pieces. To this comprehensive analysis, the final extracted 33 pieces of text in the men and women under 20 years of age or older 60-year-old to be living in Seoul, by 15 people each, were to be classified into a total of 30 people. The collected data was analyzed by using the PC QUANL program. The results of the study, the type of recognition attitude towards public for psychiatric disorders appeared in four specific contents are as follows. The first type,“tolerance and human rights-oriented”to be seen in the type with the most explanatory power for the recognition of mental illness, and to respect the personality against people with mental illness, should take a generous attitude. These are not the educational transmitting only knowledge on the knowledge base, it is practical is required nursing intervention strategic type of substantial human rights education. The second type,“improved of recognition”is seen through the media to improve the view that the negative perception of thought and mental illness like any other illness and disease as a kind of mental illness is not a matter of willpower and self-regulation. For them, careful reporting and the promotion of positive mental disorders through the mass media, it is necessary to establish a policy that nursing intervention strategies that can last through the nursing personnel. The third type,“management-oriented”, but subjects who belong to this type should not leave that to be responsible for the mental illness, if there is a neighborhood of help, the simple everyday life and the work can be. Since these to people with mental illness is important is family ,neighborhood, community support and management in social reintegration and rehabilitation, as the burden of family is small, by the cooperation of the community, so that the collection of various mental training program and the support groups is practice it is of a type that needs nursing intervention strategically to make. The fourth type,“treatment-oriented”, because they think the treatment so as to face the people with mental illness as a neighbor to live with us is the need to properly timely, even after hospital discharge is composition atmosphere of positive society appropriate treatment can be continued for adaptation to society, the implementation of mental Health cooperation program is the care intervention strategically required type which can be easily utilized by the community. All types of subjects, if generally there is a continuing interest and supported by me taken for mental disorders, it is possible to daily life, because it is not a disease to heal naturally, the prevention and treatment of nationally mental disorders should have a lot of budget to reflect, I thought that we should take a lot of generous attitude about mental illness. In this study, the general public has presented a nursing intervention strategy that can provide a support that allows a positive recognition of mental disorders in accordance with the characteristics of each type. In the future, it should not be from the results of this study, if sought also evaluation and specific nursing strategy proposed nursing intervention strategy that has been presented to another feature type.; In this study, analyze the type and by type characteristic of the subjective data structure by applying a Q- methodology has been developed to the public's attitude can grasp the human subjectivity in detail for mental illness, and to psychiatric disorders it was tried for the purpose of presenting basics of nursing strategy resources to have the correct understanding and a positive attitude. The Q population for the public's attitude on mental illness targeted three people with mental illness in the family, three people who do not have a mental illness in the family via the deep interviews and literature discussion sentence they were collected 85 pieces. To this comprehensive analysis, the final extracted 33 pieces of text in the men and women under 20 years of age or older 60-year-old to be living in Seoul, by 15 people each, were to be classified into a total of 30 people. The collected data was analyzed by using the PC QUANL program. The results of the study, the type of recognition attitude towards public for psychiatric disorders appeared in four specific contents are as follows. The first type,“tolerance and human rights-oriented”to be seen in the type with the most explanatory power for the recognition of mental illness, and to respect the personality against people with mental illness, should take a generous attitude. These are not the educational transmitting only knowledge on the knowledge base, it is practical is required nursing intervention strategic type of substantial human rights education. The second type,“improved of recognition”is seen through the media to improve the view that the negative perception of thought and mental illness like any other illness and disease as a kind of mental illness is not a matter of willpower and self-regulation. For them, careful reporting and the promotion of positive mental disorders through the mass media, it is necessary to establish a policy that nursing intervention strategies that can last through the nursing personnel. The third type,“management-oriented”, but subjects who belong to this type should not leave that to be responsible for the mental illness, if there is a neighborhood of help, the simple everyday life and the work can be. Since these to people with mental illness is important is family ,neighborhood, community support and management in social reintegration and rehabilitation, as the burden of family is small, by the cooperation of the community, so that the collection of various mental training program and the support groups is practice it is of a type that needs nursing intervention strategically to make. The fourth type,“treatment-oriented”, because they think the treatment so as to face the people with mental illness as a neighbor to live with us is the need to properly timely, even after hospital discharge is composition atmosphere of positive society appropriate treatment can be continued for adaptation to society, the implementation of mental Health cooperation program is the care intervention strategically required type which can be easily utilized by the community. All types of subjects, if generally there is a continuing interest and supported by me taken for mental disorders, it is possible to daily life, because it is not a disease to heal naturally, the prevention and treatment of nationally mental disorders should have a lot of budget to reflect, I thought that we should take a lot of generous attitude about mental illness. In this study, the general public has presented a nursing intervention strategy that can provide a support that allows a positive recognition of mental disorders in accordance with the characteristics of each type. In the future, it should not be from the results of this study, if sought also evaluation and specific nursing strategy proposed nursing intervention strategy that has been presented to another feature type.