Performance Analysis of Energy Scheduling Schemes in Smart Grid to Prevent Blackout

Abstract

In recent years, number of power shortages and blackouts are increasing due to the increase of electricity power demand year by year. The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) also brings a new grid system called smart grid that has been developed and implemented in some countries replacing the existed grid. The smart grid exchanges information about the power demand and supply between consumers and utility companies so that the balance between demand and supply can be achieved. Even though the smart grid enables adjusting power demand to power supply, blocking events might happen when the power demand sparsely exceeds the available power supply. Many studies on energy scheduling schemes have been proposed for achieving the balance between consumer demand and power supply to prevent blackout. The studies mostly worked on adjusting power demand below the available power supply called threshold. However, these works cannot support the Quality of Experience due to the fixed threshold. Since consumers are also a main part of the smart grid, energy management system (EMS) was needed not only to prevent power shortages and blackouts, but also minimizing blocking and increase the customer satisfaction. Therefore the performance effect of these solutions such as negotiation method, ESS and shiftable appliances should be analyzed. In this thesis, we analyzed the impact of energy scheduling schemes to prevent blackout by using energy storage system, shiftable appliances, and negotiation method. From our simulation, the proposed scheduling solution shows reduction in the number of blocking events. Without the proposed solution, when power demand is higher than the threshold value, there is only one possible solution to prevent the blackout: block the operation of one or more appliances until the power consumption remain below the threshold value. After implementing the proposed solution, there are four possible solutions: use the power that was saved in the battery, allocate the operation of operating shiftable appliances, request the server to increase the threshold by shifting available power from another gateway, and reject the request when the solutions are not possible to be implemented. With those three solutions, the blocking events can be reduced while preventing blackouts.