관광전공 선택결정요인이 전공만족도 및 전공몰입과 진로결정 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

Abstract

국내 관광산업의 규모는 해마다 증가에 따른 관광산업의 인력 양성과 수급의 문제로 이어지고 있는 것에 착안하여 관광관련 전공을 선택한 대학생들을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 그러나 상당수가 전공이나 적성에 대해 파악하지 못하고 단순히 성적이나 취업 조건, 주변상황들에 따라 전공을 선택하는 경우가 많다. 특히 관광관련 전공의 특성상 삶의 질이 높아짐에 따라 여가의 개념이 확대되면서 친숙성이 높고 접근성이 좋은 전공으로 인식되고 있다. 그렇다 보니 관광관련 전공에 대한 사전적 정보나 세부적인 깊은 지식 없이 관광관련 전공을 쉽게 선택하는 경우가 많다. 그러나 이후 자신의 전공에 대한 선택결정요인에 따라 불만족 상황이 발생하기도 하고 전공에 몰입하지 못하며 진로를 결정하는데 큰 어려움을 토로하기도 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 관광산업의 잠재 인력들(관광관련 전공자)들이 향후 국내 관광산업의 성장을 위한 기초가 될 것으로 보고 관광 관련 전공을 선택하는데 있어서 본인의 의지 및 특성 등 어떤 요소가 반영되었는지에 대하여 살펴보고, 관광전공을 선택하는 결정요인이 전공에 대한 만족도 및 전공몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 그리고 진로결정 자기효능감에는 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울‧경기 지역 소재의 전문대와 4년제 대학(학점은행제로 운영하는 사회교육원 포함) 4개 학교의 관광 관련 학과의 학생들을 대상으로 총460부를 배포하였고 회수된 설문지와 함께 문항에 불성실한 응답을 한 48부를 제외한 총 412부의 표본으로 실증분석 하였다. 자료의 분석방법은 SPSS 2.0을 사용하여 검증하였고 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관계수산출, 단순회귀분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석 결과 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 관광전공 선택결정요인은 전공만족도에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 하위 요인인 개인적 요인과 장래성 요인 모두 관광전공을 선택하는데 결정의 의지가 높아짐에 따라 전공에 대한 긍정적인 감정을 느끼고 선택한 전공을 후회하지 않는 전공만족도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 관광전공 선택결정요인은 전공몰입에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 하위 요인인 개인적 요인과 장래성 요인 모두 관광전공을 선택하는데 결정의 의지가 높아짐에 따라 자신이 학문하는 전공에 흠뻑 빠져 심취해 깊은 관심과 애착을 가지고 전공과 관련한 다양한 활동에 대하여 자발적인 행동을 취하는 전공몰입의 상태가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 관광전공 선택결정요인은 진로결정 자기효능감에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 하위 요인인 개인적 요인과 장래성 요인 모두 관광전공을 선택하는데 결정의 의지가 높아짐에 따라 자신의 미래의 진로를 세우고 결정하는데 있어서 발생하는 문제나 상황에 대하여 스스로의 능력으로 해결하고 극복할 수 있다는 자신 스스로에 대한 믿음과 신념이며, 결정한 진로에 대한 스스로의 긍정적인 확신과 평가인 진로결정 자기효능감이 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 전공만족도는 전공몰입에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 대학생들의 전공에 대한 만족도가 높아짐에 따라 전공몰입의 상태가 깊어짐을 알 수 있었다. 다섯째, 전공만족도는 진로결정 자기효능감에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 대학생들의 전공에 대한 만족도가 높아짐에 따라 진로결정 자기효능감이 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 여섯째, 전공몰입은 진로결정 자기효능감에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 대학생들이 자신이 결정한 전공에 대한 몰입의 정도가 깊어질수록 진로결정 자기효능감도 함께 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 관광전공 선택결정요인은 전공만족도 및 전공몰입과 진로결정 자기효능감에 긍정적인 유의미한 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인임을 확인하였고, 학생들의 상태를 이해하여 선택한 전공과 무관한 교육에 대한 실패감이나 의욕상실이 학업의 포기나 전공과 무관한 일로 가지 않도록 기초자료를 제시 할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 학생들의 졸업 후 관광 전문 인력으로 성장하고 발전하는데 기여할 수 있는 점에서 중요한 시사점을 준다. | This study targeted university students majoring in tourism, in order to analyze the problems of manpower training, and supply and demand in the tourism industry which is getting bigger and bigger each year. Many students select majors according to school records, employment conditions and surrounding situations, without a proper understanding of majors or aptitudes. Especially, the tourism-related major is being recognized to be highly familiar and accessible, with the improvement in the quality of life and the expansion of the leisure concept. For this reason, many students select the tourism-related major without prior information or detailed and deep knowledge. But some of them are not satisfied due to the determining factors for selecting the major, fail in major flow and have big difficulties deciding future careers. Therefore, this study aims to examine the elements such as wills and characters of students which were applied to the selection of the tourism-related major and see the effects of the determining factors for selecting the tourism major on the major satisfaction, the major flow and the career decision-making self-efficacy, since potential human resources(students majoring in tourism) in the tourism industry can be the foundation for the growth of the domestic tourism industry in the future. For achieving this purpose, a total of 460 questionnaires were distributed to students majoring in tourism at 4 colleges and 4-year universities(including social education centers with the academic credit bank system) in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Then, a total of 412 questionnaires were empirically analyzed, except 48 ones with unreliable responses. For an analysis of the collected data, the SPSS 2.0 program was used, and frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation coefficient computation, simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were carried out.

The study findings, extracted from the empirical analysis, are as follows: First, the determining factors for selecting the tourism major had significantly positive effects on the major satisfaction. Among the sub-factors, both personal and prospect factors improved the major satisfaction to feel positive about the major and not to regret the selection of the major, by increasing the intention to select the tourism major. Second, the determining factors for selecting the tourism major had significantly positive effects on the major flow. Among the sub-factors, both personal and prospect factors improved the state of the major flow to be voluntary about diverse activities related to the major with deep attention and attachment, by increasing the intention to select the tourism major. Third, the determining factors for selecting the tourism major had significantly positive effects on the career decision-making self-efficacy. Among the sub-factors, both personal and prospect factors improved the career decision-making self-efficacy which refers to trust and belief in themselves about solving and getting over problems or situations by themselves, and a positive conviction and evaluation about the decision of future careers, by increasing the intention to select the tourism major. Fourth, the major satisfaction had a significantly positive effect on the major commitment. The state of the major commitment of the students deepened, as their major satisfaction improved. Fifth, the major satisfaction had a significantly positive effect on the career decision-making self-efficacy. The career decision-making self-efficacy of the students increased, as their major satisfaction improved. Sixth, the major commitment had a significantly positive effect on the career decision-making self-efficacy. The career decision-making self-efficacy of the students increased, as the major commitment deepened. These results demonstrate that determining factors for selecting the tourism major had positive effects on the major satisfaction, the major commitment and the career decision-making self-efficacy and can be suggested as basic data to understand the conditions of students and help them overcome a sense of failure or a loss of will which might lead to school dropout or the selection of jobs that are irrelevant to the major. Moreover, this study provides an important implication to contribute to the growth and development of students as tourism experts after graduation.; This study targeted university students majoring in tourism, in order to analyze the problems of manpower training, and supply and demand in the tourism industry which is getting bigger and bigger each year. Many students select majors according to school records, employment conditions and surrounding situations, without a proper understanding of majors or aptitudes. Especially, the tourism-related major is being recognized to be highly familiar and accessible, with the improvement in the quality of life and the expansion of the leisure concept. For this reason, many students select the tourism-related major without prior information or detailed and deep knowledge. But some of them are not satisfied due to the determining factors for selecting the major, fail in major flow and have big difficulties deciding future careers. Therefore, this study aims to examine the elements such as wills and characters of students which were applied to the selection of the tourism-related major and see the effects of the determining factors for selecting the tourism major on the major satisfaction, the major flow and the career decision-making self-efficacy, since potential human resources(students majoring in tourism) in the tourism industry can be the foundation for the growth of the domestic tourism industry in the future. For achieving this purpose, a total of 460 questionnaires were distributed to students majoring in tourism at 4 colleges and 4-year universities(including social education centers with the academic credit bank system) in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Then, a total of 412 questionnaires were empirically analyzed, except 48 ones with unreliable responses. For an analysis of the collected data, the SPSS 2.0 program was used, and frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation coefficient computation, simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were carried out.

The study findings, extracted from the empirical analysis, are as follows: First, the determining factors for selecting the tourism major had significantly positive effects on the major satisfaction. Among the sub-factors, both personal and prospect factors improved the major satisfaction to feel positive about the major and not to regret the selection of the major, by increasing the intention to select the tourism major. Second, the determining factors for selecting the tourism major had significantly positive effects on the major flow. Among the sub-factors, both personal and prospect factors improved the state of the major flow to be voluntary about diverse activities related to the major with deep attention and attachment, by increasing the intention to select the tourism major. Third, the determining factors for selecting the tourism major had significantly positive effects on the career decision-making self-efficacy. Among the sub-factors, both personal and prospect factors improved the career decision-making self-efficacy which refers to trust and belief in themselves about solving and getting over problems or situations by themselves, and a positive conviction and evaluation about the decision of future careers, by increasing the intention to select the tourism major. Fourth, the major satisfaction had a significantly positive effect on the major commitment. The state of the major commitment of the students deepened, as their major satisfaction improved. Fifth, the major satisfaction had a significantly positive effect on the career decision-making self-efficacy. The career decision-making self-efficacy of the students increased, as their major satisfaction improved. Sixth, the major commitment had a significantly positive effect on the career decision-making self-efficacy. The career decision-making self-efficacy of the students increased, as the major commitment deepened. These results demonstrate that determining factors for selecting the tourism major had positive effects on the major satisfaction, the major commitment and the career decision-making self-efficacy and can be suggested as basic data to understand the conditions of students and help them overcome a sense of failure or a loss of will which might lead to school dropout or the selection of jobs that are irrelevant to the major. Moreover, this study provides an important implication to contribute to the growth and development of students as tourism experts after graduation.