프로야구 경기에서 비디오 판독 제도 도입 후 문제점 분석 및 개선방안 연구

Abstract

이 연구의 목적은 비디오 판독(심판 합의판정) 과정에 있어서 자체시스템을 운영하는 미국 프로야구와 방송사에 의존하여 실시하고 있는 한국 프로야구의 운영방식, 규정을 비교분석하여 현 실태와 문제점을 파악하여 앞으로 나아가야 할 기본방향을 제시하는 것이다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 연구 자료로 검색 포털 사이트 네이버를 활용하여 비디오 판독, 심판 합의판정 검색어로 조회되는 대중매체 보도 내용과 2014시즌 프로야구 경기에서 비디오 판독(심판 합의판정)을 실시하는 장면을 네이버 스포츠 경기영상 다시보기를 비참여적 관찰을 하여 수집되는 자료를 반복적 비교분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 자료의 수집과 분석과정에 있어서 타당성과 신뢰도 확보를 위해 삼각검증법, 장시간 관찰법, 동료검토 등의 방법을 사용하였고 본 연구의 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기존 범위보다 확대하여 실시한 비디오 판독(심판 합의판정)은 영상자료라는 사실적 근거를 바탕으로 잘못된 판정을 올바르게 정정할 수 있었고, 야구 관계자들도 긍정적인 평가를 많이 하고 있다. 이에 비디오 판독(심판 합의판정)은 프로야구 경기에서 정확한 심판 판정에 대한 공정성 확보에 큰 효과를 발휘하였다. 둘째, 비디오 판독(심판 합의판정)을 방송사에 의존하는 것은 하나의 대체방안이지 영구적인 방법이 될 수는 없다. 이에 한국야구위원회는 현재 시스템에 만족하여 안주하기보다는 자체 시스템과 비용마련에 대한 여러 전문가들의 논의는 계속되어야 하고 이를 통해 해결 방안을 찾는데 노력을 기울여야 한다. 셋째, 신속한 비디오 판독(심판 합의판정)을 위해서 판독과정에 있어서 불필요한 요소들을 제거할 필요가 있다. 여기에는 심판들의 이동거리를 최소화 하고 애매한 상황에 대한 명확한 판독기준과 심판들의 빠른 판단이 필요하다. 이런 개선방안을 위해서는 다른 종목의 판독과정에 있어서 장점들을 응용할 필요가 있으며, 한국야구위원회는 비디오 판독(심판 합의판정)에 대한 체계적인 전문교육과 판독에 대한 가이드라인이 필요하다. 넷째, 경기흐름 방해 및 경기지연 방지 차원에서 규정 제한을 두고 있다지만 결정적인 순간 사용하지 못하는 경우가 발생하고 신청횟수의 제한은 감독들에게 부담감으로 작용하였다. 오심으로 인해 심판들도 많은 비난에 힘들어 한 것처럼 비디오 판독(심판 합의판정)의 결과가 감독들의 능력을 평가하고 있는 현 시점에서 감독들의 부담감에 대해서 한국야구위원회는 역지사지의 마음으로 감독들이 요구하는 신청횟수의 2회보장과 판독대상에 대한 조항을 재검토가 필요하다. 다섯째, 오심 해결을 위해 비디오 판독(심판 합의판정)은 좋은 치료제 역할을 하고 있다. 하지만 아무리 좋은 약도 과하면 독약이 되는 것처럼 꼭 필요한 순간에 잘 활용하여 심판의 공명정대한 판정에 도움이 되는 제도로 정착하기 위해서는 스스로 오남용 하지 않는 스포츠맨십이 뒷받침 되어야 한다. 결론적으로 경기진행에 있어서 최대한 흐름이 깨지지 않게 이 제도를 신속하게 진행하는 것이다. 규정제한으로 이 부분을 해결하려고 하고 있지만 과도한 규정제한은 감독들의 부담과 꼭 필요한 순간에 활용하지 못하는 문제점이 나타나고 있다. 이에 비디오 판독(심판 합의판정) 규정에 대한 재검토가 필요하며, 신속한 판독을 위해서는 미국프로야구나 다른 종목들의 비디오 판독(심판 합의판정) 운영방식에 있어서 장점들을 응용하여 판독과정에 있어서 불필요한 요소들을 제거하여야 된다. 그리고 상대방 흐름을 끊기 위한 작전으로 역이용하거나 스스로 오남용 하지 않는 스포츠맨십이 필요하며 꼭 필요한 순간 적절히 활용한다면 이 제도의 효과를 극대화 시킬 수 있을 것이다.| The purpose of this research is to suggest the basic direction to go by comparing and analyzing the operating method and regulation of Korean baseball that relies on broadcasting companies with American baseball that operates the system by themselves and grasping current status and problems with regards to the process of video replay (compromised judgment by the judges). In order to achieve such objective of research, constant comparison method was carried out against the data collected from nonparticipation observation of viewing the video of search portal site, Naver, sports game targeting broadcasted contents from mass media monitored by search word, video replay and compromised judgment by the judges and the scene of video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) in baseball game by using Naver. The methods such as triangulation, long-term observation and peer examination were used to secure validity and reliability regarding collection and analysis of data and the results of this research is as following. First, video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) that was carried out by extending its scope than existing one could adjust the wrong judgment based on realistic evidence called video data and the persons concerned in baseball evaluated them in positive way. So, video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) showed the huge effects regarding securing fairness regarding correct judgment in professional baseball games. Second, the reliance on broadcasting companies regarding video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) is one of alternative measure and cannot be the eternal method. So, several experts of Korea Baseball Association should keep discussing the preparation of their own system and expenses rather than satisfying with current system and spend their efforts to find the solution through that. Third, the unnecessary factors should be removed from reading process for prompt video replay (compromised judgment by the judges). In here, the moving distance of judges should be minimized and clear judging standard and fast judgment by the judges against vague situation are required. The merits from reading process of other games are needed for such improvement plan and Korea Baseball Association needs the systematic professional education and guideline for reading regarding video replay (compromised judgment by the judges). Fourth, regulation limit is imposed in respect of preventing blockage and delay of game, however, there were some cases they could not use it at decisive moment and limitation on requesting number played the role of giving burden to the directors. As the judges suffered from wrong decisions made by themselves, Korea Baseball Association needs to review the articles of two times of guaranteed request and objects to be read which were requested by the directors placing themselves in the shoes of the directors regarding the burden of the directors at this time when the results of video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) assessed the ability of directors. Fifth, video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) plays the role of good medicine to solve the wrong decision. However, in order for video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) to be the system that can help the judges to make fair judgment by using that at the time when it is needed, sportsmanship should be supported to prevent the misuse and excessive use by themselves. As the conclusion, this system should be processed rapidly not to break the flow of game regarding process of game. This part is being tried to be solved by regulation restriction, however, the excessive regulation restriction is showing the burden of directors and problems that cannot be utilized at the time when it is required the most. So, the regulations of video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) should be reviewed and the unnecessary factors should be removed against reading process by applying the merits with regards to operating method of video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) from American baseball or other sports games for prompt reading. And the sportsmanship that uses it as the operation to intercept the game flow of the opponent or do not misuse and excessively is required and the effects of this system can be maximized if using it when it is necessary definitely.; The purpose of this research is to suggest the basic direction to go by comparing and analyzing the operating method and regulation of Korean baseball that relies on broadcasting companies with American baseball that operates the system by themselves and grasping current status and problems with regards to the process of video replay (compromised judgment by the judges). In order to achieve such objective of research, constant comparison method was carried out against the data collected from nonparticipation observation of viewing the video of search portal site, Naver, sports game targeting broadcasted contents from mass media monitored by search word, video replay and compromised judgment by the judges and the scene of video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) in baseball game by using Naver. The methods such as triangulation, long-term observation and peer examination were used to secure validity and reliability regarding collection and analysis of data and the results of this research is as following. First, video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) that was carried out by extending its scope than existing one could adjust the wrong judgment based on realistic evidence called video data and the persons concerned in baseball evaluated them in positive way. So, video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) showed the huge effects regarding securing fairness regarding correct judgment in professional baseball games. Second, the reliance on broadcasting companies regarding video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) is one of alternative measure and cannot be the eternal method. So, several experts of Korea Baseball Association should keep discussing the preparation of their own system and expenses rather than satisfying with current system and spend their efforts to find the solution through that. Third, the unnecessary factors should be removed from reading process for prompt video replay (compromised judgment by the judges). In here, the moving distance of judges should be minimized and clear judging standard and fast judgment by the judges against vague situation are required. The merits from reading process of other games are needed for such improvement plan and Korea Baseball Association needs the systematic professional education and guideline for reading regarding video replay (compromised judgment by the judges). Fourth, regulation limit is imposed in respect of preventing blockage and delay of game, however, there were some cases they could not use it at decisive moment and limitation on requesting number played the role of giving burden to the directors. As the judges suffered from wrong decisions made by themselves, Korea Baseball Association needs to review the articles of two times of guaranteed request and objects to be read which were requested by the directors placing themselves in the shoes of the directors regarding the burden of the directors at this time when the results of video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) assessed the ability of directors. Fifth, video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) plays the role of good medicine to solve the wrong decision. However, in order for video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) to be the system that can help the judges to make fair judgment by using that at the time when it is needed, sportsmanship should be supported to prevent the misuse and excessive use by themselves. As the conclusion, this system should be processed rapidly not to break the flow of game regarding process of game. This part is being tried to be solved by regulation restriction, however, the excessive regulation restriction is showing the burden of directors and problems that cannot be utilized at the time when it is required the most. So, the regulations of video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) should be reviewed and the unnecessary factors should be removed against reading process by applying the merits with regards to operating method of video replay (compromised judgment by the judges) from American baseball or other sports games for prompt reading. And the sportsmanship that uses it as the operation to intercept the game flow of the opponent or do not misuse and excessively is required and the effects of this system can be maximized if using it when it is necessary definitely.