우리나라 성인의 근로시간 및 직업 환경과 수면시간의 관련성

Abstract

우리나라의 임금근로자들은 세계적으로 긴 근로시간 속에서 일하고 있고 단기간에 걸쳐 고도의 산업화가 이루어진 만큼 국가 내 다양한 근로환경이 공존하고 있다. 근로자들의 수면은 직업 환경에 직접적으로 영향을 받지만, 국내 근로자들에 대한 수면시간 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이 연구는 우리나라 성인 임금근로자들의 직업 환경에 따른 수면시간의 차이를 알아보기 위한 단면 연구이다. 연구 대상은 제 5기 국민건강영양조사 대상자 중 18세 이상 성인 임금근로자 6,318명이다. 독립변수는 근로시간, 직업군, 교대근무이며 종속변수는 수면시간으로 하루 평균 6시간 미만 수면하는 사람들을 수면부족군으로 구분하고 복합표본 교차분석을 통해 연구에 포함된 모든 변수들에 따른 수면 시간의 차이를 분석하였다. 복합표본 로지스틱 회귀분석 단변량 분석을 실시한 후 유의한 차이를 보인 변수들을 보정하여 다변량 분석을 실시하여 직업 환경과 수면시간의 연관성을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과 근로시간에 따라서는 모든 연령대에서 주당 40-51시간 근로자에 비해 주당 65시간 초과 근로자에서 수면부족 비율이 높았으며, 18-29세 연령대에서는 60-65시간 근로자에서도 수면부족 비율이 높았다. 이 차이는 인구사회학적, 직업적 변수들과 건강행태, 건강상태 변수들을 보정한 후에도 유의하였다. 교대근무에 따라서는 30세 이상에서 야간 교대근로자의 수면부족 비율이 높았고, 50세 이상에서는 24시간 교대근로자에서도 수면부족 비율이 높았다. 직업군에 따라서는 30-49세에서 사무종사자에 비해 전문가 및 관련종사자의 수면부족이 1.91배, 서비스종사자 2.05배, 판매종사자 1.86배, 장치, 기계조작 및 조립종사자 1.91배, 단순노무종사자가 2.41배 높게 나타났고, 50세 이상에서는 단순노무종사자의 수면부족이 2.19배 높았다. 대한민국 성인 임금근로자에서 수면시간은 직업 환경에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 임금근로자들의 정상적인 수면을 위해 과도한 근로시간을 제한하는 조치가 필요하다. | Korean wage earners have long working hours. They are working at various occupational environments as Korea has become a highly industrialized country in a short period of time. Though worker's sleep would be directly affected by their occupational environments, only few studies have been conducted on Korean worker's sleep duration. This study aimed to clarify the association between occupational environments and sleep duration among Korean adult workers. Subjects were 6,318 Korean adult workers aged 18 years or older, using the fifth 'Korea National Health and Nutritional Survey(KNHANES)'. Independent variables were working hours, occupation, and work schedule while a dependent variable was sleep duration. Chi-square tests were used to compare participants' characteristics by sleep duration. To account for the complex sampling design, weighted multiple logistic regression was used. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using 'sleep duration <6 hours per day' as a 'short sleep' to examine the association between working hours/occupation/work schedule and short sleep. Compared to working 40-51h/week, working over 65h/week were associated with short sleep at all ages. working 60-65h/week were also associated with short sleep at ages 18-29. These results were also valid after adjusting for sociodemographic, occupational, health behavioral variables and health status. Night shift was related with short sleep at ages over 30, 24 hour-shifts were related with short sleep at ages over 50. Using clerical support workers as a reference, professionals or technicians were 1.91 times more related with short sleep at ages 30-49. Service workers were 2.05 times, sales workers were 1.86 times, plant and machine operators, and assemblers were 1.91 times, elementary occupations were 2.41 times more related with short sleep at ages 30-49. Only elementary occupations were 2.19 times more related with short sleep at ages over 50. The results of this study revealed that sleep duration is associated with occupational environment among Korean adult workers. Reducing long working hours are needed for sufficient sleep duration among Korean workers.

Key words : Working hours, Occupation, Shift work, Sleep duration, KNHANES V; Korean wage earners have long working hours. They are working at various occupational environments as Korea has become a highly industrialized country in a short period of time. Though worker's sleep would be directly affected by their occupational environments, only few studies have been conducted on Korean worker's sleep duration. This study aimed to clarify the association between occupational environments and sleep duration among Korean adult workers. Subjects were 6,318 Korean adult workers aged 18 years or older, using the fifth 'Korea National Health and Nutritional Survey(KNHANES)'. Independent variables were working hours, occupation, and work schedule while a dependent variable was sleep duration. Chi-square tests were used to compare participants' characteristics by sleep duration. To account for the complex sampling design, weighted multiple logistic regression was used. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using 'sleep duration <6 hours per day' as a 'short sleep' to examine the association between working hours/occupation/work schedule and short sleep. Compared to working 40-51h/week, working over 65h/week were associated with short sleep at all ages. working 60-65h/week were also associated with short sleep at ages 18-29. These results were also valid after adjusting for sociodemographic, occupational, health behavioral variables and health status. Night shift was related with short sleep at ages over 30, 24 hour-shifts were related with short sleep at ages over 50. Using clerical support workers as a reference, professionals or technicians were 1.91 times more related with short sleep at ages 30-49. Service workers were 2.05 times, sales workers were 1.86 times, plant and machine operators, and assemblers were 1.91 times, elementary occupations were 2.41 times more related with short sleep at ages 30-49. Only elementary occupations were 2.19 times more related with short sleep at ages over 50. The results of this study revealed that sleep duration is associated with occupational environment among Korean adult workers. Reducing long working hours are needed for sufficient sleep duration among Korean workers.

Key words : Working hours, Occupation, Shift work, Sleep duration, KNHANES V