무비컬에서의 음악적 변용에 관한 연구

Abstract

우리나라 뮤지컬 시장은 2001년 이후 본격적인 산업화의 단계로 접어들며 대형 라이선스 뮤지컬들을 통한 성장세가 이어졌다. 이에 창작 뮤지컬 시장 또한 확대되며 그 제작과 더불어 공연 또한 증가하였다. 창작 뮤지컬은 라이선스 뮤지컬에 비하여 높은 공연 비율을 나타내고 있으나 그 흥행 여부를 놓고 보았을 때 반대의 결과를 보여주고 있다. 제작되는 작품들의 양적인 성장만이 두드러지던 국내 창작 뮤지컬계에 2004년 무비컬 <와이키키 브라더스>가 등장하며 관객들의 큰 관심을 받게 되었다. 초연 이후 지속적인 재공연을 선보이며 성공을 증명한 뮤지컬 <와이키키 브라더스>에 힘입어 이후 영화를 원작으로 한 무비컬들이 등장하기 시작하였다. 원작을 통해 검증된 시나리오를 가진 무비컬의 장점은 곧 뮤지컬 시장의 새로운 창작 소재로 활용되며 연이어 제작되었다. 그러나 이렇게 제작된 무비컬 중에서 흥행에 성공하기보다 실패한 작품이 더 많은 것이 사실이다. 영화에서 뮤지컬로의 장르전환 시 각 부분은 장르의 특징에 따라 적절한 변환이 이루어져야한다. 뮤지컬에서 극을 설명하고 이끌어나가며 중심적인 역할을 담당하는 게 음악이다. 이렇게 뮤지컬에서 음악이 차지하는 비중이 높기 때문에 장르전환 시 음악은 각 부분에 개입하며 변화를 주게 된다. 본 논문은 해외 뮤지컬 중 무비컬로서 성공을 거둔 뮤지컬 <빌리 엘리어트>를 선정하여 영화에서 뮤지컬로의 장르전환 시 음악이 각 부분에 어떻게 개입하고 있는지 살펴보았다. 보다 면밀한 검토를 위하여 영화와 뮤지컬을 캐릭터, 서사구조, 음악으로 나누어 각각 분석하여보고 원작에서 뮤지컬로의 장르전환 시 변화된 부분을 짚어보았다. 장르전환 시 영화는 아래와 같은 음악적 변용을 가져왔다. 첫째, 뮤지컬에서 음악은 극이 가지고 있는 특징 중 하나인 사실성을 극대화시킬 수 있도록 서사구조를 재구성하였다. 둘째, 중심 캐릭터와 주변 캐릭터의 성격과 역할의 변화를 음악을 통해 전달하고 설명한다. 셋째, 뮤지컬 음악의 적절한 변형은 각 장면의 분위기와 성격에 맞게 잘 구현되어 극을 하나로 통합하였다. 영화에서 상징적인 의미로 쓰이던 음악은 뮤지컬에서 사건을 설명하고 연결시키는 가교 역할을 하였다. 영화에서 볼 수 없었던 새로운 캐릭터의 등장과 기존 캐릭터의 변화는 음악을 통해 자연스레 녹아들며 극을 풍성하게 채워주었다. 이러한 변화를 위해 적절하게 음악이 사용되었다. 각각의 주제와 캐릭터에 맞추어 동일한 모티브를 통한 음악 용법과 리듬, 장르를 사용하여 통일성을 유지하면서도 선율과 화성을 세밀하게 조정하여 극을 발전시켜 나가고 있다. 다른 뮤지컬에 비해 특별한 장치 없이 이루어지는 뮤지컬 <빌리 엘리어트>는 원작의 탄탄한 스토리가 음악을 통해 조정, 변형되어 작품으로 완성도를 높일 수 있었다. 이와 같이 영화가 가진 탄탄한 스토리와 음악이 가지는 극적기능을 충분히 살려낸다면 국내 뮤지컬 시장에서도 무비컬의 질적인 성장을 이룰 수 있을 것이다.|Since 2001, the musical market of Korea has been entering into the phase of industrialization in earnest. The trend of the growth through large-scale license musicals continued. Hereupon, the creative musical market expanded as well. In addition to the production, performances increased as well. Although creative musicals have been showing the performance ratios that are higher than those of license musicals, when seeing with regard to whether or not there have been successes, opposite results have been shown. In Korea's creative musical circle in which only the quantitative growth of the works of art produced has been prominent, in 2004, the moviecal <Waikiki Brothers> appeared, thereby attracting mass interest from audiences. Owing to <Waikiki Brothers>, a musical that had proven success by introducing continued re-performances ever since the premier, the moviecals that had the movies as the originals started appearing afterwards. The strong points of the moviecals that possess the scenarios verified through the originals soon got utilized as the new creative materials of the musical market. Also, the productions took place continuously. However, it is a fact that, among the moviecals produced this way, there were more works of art that failed than works of art that succeeded. When converting the genre from a movie to a musical, the suitable change of each part must take place according to the characteristics of the genre. The aspect that explains and leads the play in a musical and plays the central role is music. As such, because the relative importance captured by music in a musical is high, when converting the genre, music intervenes in each part and gives changes. By selecting <Billy Elliot>, which had been successful as a moviecal among the overseas musicals, this thesis took a look at how music intervenes in each part when the genre is converted from a movie to a musical. For a more detailed examination, movies and musicals were divided into the characters, the narrative structures, and music. Each were analyzed. The changed parts when converting the genre from an original to a musical were viewed. When converting the genre, the movies brought about the following musical transformations. Firstly, in the musical, the narrative structure of music was reorganized so that the factuality, one of the features possessed by plays, can be maximized. Secondly, the personalities and changes of the roles of the central characters and the surrounding characters are delivered and explained through music. Thirdly, the suitable transformations of the musical music had been well-realized to suit the atmosphere and the personality of each scene. The plays were then unified into one. The music that had been used with the symbolic meaning in movies played the role as a bridge that explains and connects the events in the musical. The appearance of the new characters and changes of the previously existent characters which could not be seen in movies plentifully filled the plays while naturally melting through the music. For such a change, music was used appropriately. While maintaining unity by using musical usage, the rhythms, and the genre through the same motif to fit each subject and character, the plays have been developed by adjusting in detail the melodies and chords. Compared with other musicals, the musical <Billy Elliot> takes place without any special equipments. The robust story of the original is adjusted and transformed through the music. Therefore, the degree of completeness of the musical could be heightened with the work of art. As such, if the robust stories possessed by movies and the dramatic functions possessed by music are sufficiently brought alive, the qualitative growth of the moviecals will be achieved in Korea's musical market.; Since 2001, the musical market of Korea has been entering into the phase of industrialization in earnest. The trend of the growth through large-scale license musicals continued. Hereupon, the creative musical market expanded as well. In addition to the production, performances increased as well. Although creative musicals have been showing the performance ratios that are higher than those of license musicals, when seeing with regard to whether or not there have been successes, opposite results have been shown. In Korea's creative musical circle in which only the quantitative growth of the works of art produced has been prominent, in 2004, the moviecal <Waikiki Brothers> appeared, thereby attracting mass interest from audiences. Owing to <Waikiki Brothers>, a musical that had proven success by introducing continued re-performances ever since the premier, the moviecals that had the movies as the originals started appearing afterwards. The strong points of the moviecals that possess the scenarios verified through the originals soon got utilized as the new creative materials of the musical market. Also, the productions took place continuously. However, it is a fact that, among the moviecals produced this way, there were more works of art that failed than works of art that succeeded. When converting the genre from a movie to a musical, the suitable change of each part must take place according to the characteristics of the genre. The aspect that explains and leads the play in a musical and plays the central role is music. As such, because the relative importance captured by music in a musical is high, when converting the genre, music intervenes in each part and gives changes. By selecting <Billy Elliot>, which had been successful as a moviecal among the overseas musicals, this thesis took a look at how music intervenes in each part when the genre is converted from a movie to a musical. For a more detailed examination, movies and musicals were divided into the characters, the narrative structures, and music. Each were analyzed. The changed parts when converting the genre from an original to a musical were viewed. When converting the genre, the movies brought about the following musical transformations. Firstly, in the musical, the narrative structure of music was reorganized so that the factuality, one of the features possessed by plays, can be maximized. Secondly, the personalities and changes of the roles of the central characters and the surrounding characters are delivered and explained through music. Thirdly, the suitable transformations of the musical music had been well-realized to suit the atmosphere and the personality of each scene. The plays were then unified into one. The music that had been used with the symbolic meaning in movies played the role as a bridge that explains and connects the events in the musical. The appearance of the new characters and changes of the previously existent characters which could not be seen in movies plentifully filled the plays while naturally melting through the music. For such a change, music was used appropriately. While maintaining unity by using musical usage, the rhythms, and the genre through the same motif to fit each subject and character, the plays have been developed by adjusting in detail the melodies and chords. Compared with other musicals, the musical <Billy Elliot> takes place without any special equipments. The robust story of the original is adjusted and transformed through the music. Therefore, the degree of completeness of the musical could be heightened with the work of art. As such, if the robust stories possessed by movies and the dramatic functions possessed by music are sufficiently brought alive, the qualitative growth of the moviecals will be achieved in Korea's musical market.