스쿼시 지도자 지도 유형이 중·고등부 스쿼시 선수들의 경쟁 상태 불안에 미치는 영향

Abstract

본 연구의 목적은 중, 고등부 선수들의 경기 중 경기력에 부정적 영향을 미치는 심리적 요인 중 경쟁 상태 불안을 완화하기 위한 스쿼시 지도자 지도유형이 중, 고등부 스쿼시 선수들의 경쟁 상태 불안에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아봄으로서 지도자에게 효율적인 지도 유형을 제시하여 스쿼시 선수들의 경쟁 상태 불안 조절에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 본 연구 대상은 대한 스쿼시 연맹에 등록된 중, 고등부 스쿼시 선수를 대상으로 선정하였고, 설문지는 지도자 행동 검사지(LSS)를 훈련과 지시행동, 권위적 행동, 사회적 행동, 민주적 행동, 긍정적 보상행동의 5가지 하위 요인으로 구분한 24문항과 경쟁 상태 불안 검사지(CSAI-2)를 인지적 불안, 신체적 불안, 상태 자신감의 3가지 하위 요인으로 구분한 27문항을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반적인 특성의 성별 따른 차이에서는 지도 행동 유형의 사회적 행동과 긍정적 보상행동, 경쟁 상태 불안의 상태자신감이 남자가 여자보다 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 경쟁상태 불안의 인지적 불안과 신체적 불안은 여자가 남자보다 높게 나타났다. 학년에서는 지도 행동 유형의 권위적 행동과 경쟁상태 불안의 신체적 불안이 중등부도 고등부보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 최근 2년간 입상 유무에서는 지도 행동 유형, 경쟁상태 상태 불안의 모든 요인에서 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 경력에서는 지도 행동 유형의 긍정적 보상 행동에서 2년 미만이 4년 이상보다, 경쟁상태 불안의 인지적 불안이 4년 미만이 4년 이상보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 지도 행동 유형과 경쟁상태 불안의 다중회귀분석에 대한 결과는 지도 행동 유형의 권위적 행동이 경쟁 상태 불안의 신체적 불안에 영향을 미쳤다. 결론적으로 지도자의 권위적 행동은 선수들의 신체적 불안을 증가시킨다. 특히 경력과 학년이 어린 선수와 여자 선수 일수록 인지적, 신체적 불안이 높은 결과로 보아 지도자는 이러한 선수들에게 권위적 행동을 더욱 배제하여 선수들의 불안을 완화시켜주며 스스로 자신감을 가질 수 있도록 지도하는 방법이 필요하다. 또한 권위적 행동만이 신체적 불안에만 영향을 끼친 것으로 보면 지도 행동 유형 이외의 다른 외적인 요소들도 선수의 경쟁 상태 불안을 증가시킬 수 있으므로 선수들의 다양한 불안 요소에 대해 정확히 판단하고 지도해 줄 수 있는 지도자가 되어야 된다.|The objective of this study is to provide basic data necessary to control squash players' competitive state anxiety, by suggesting the efficient leadership behavior pattern after understanding the effects of squash leadership behavior patterns on the competitive state anxiety of middle & high school squash players, to relieve the competitive state anxiety having negative effects on athletic performance. This study targeted middle & high school squash players registered in Korea Squash Federation. It used a questionnaire including the Leadership Scale for Sports(LSS) with 24 questions containing five sub-factors such as training & directing behavior, authoritative behavior, social behavior, democratic behavior, and positive rewarding behavior, and also including the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory(CSAI-2) with 27 questions containing three sub-factors like cognitive anxiety, physical anxiety, and state confidence. The results of this study are like below. Regarding differences in accordance with sex of general characteristics, men showed significantly higher social behavior and positive rewarding behavior of leadership behavior patterns, and state confidence of competitive state anxiety than women. In case of cognitive anxiety and physical anxiety of competitive state anxiety, women was higher than men. Regarding grade, middle school players showed significantly higher authoritative behavior of leadership behavior patterns, and physical anxiety of competitive state anxiety than high school players. Regarding the matter of winning prizes for last two years, all the factors of leadership behavior patterns and competitive state anxiety did not show significant differences. In case of experience, the experience for less than two years showed significantly higher positive rewarding behavior of leadership behavior patterns than experience for more than four years. The experience for less than four years showed significantly higher cognitive anxiety of competitive state anxiety than experience for more than four years. In the results of multiple regression analysis on leadership behavior patterns and competitive state anxiety, the authoritative behavior of leadership behavior patterns had effects on physical anxiety of competitive state anxiety. In conclusion, leaders' authoritative behavior increases players' physical anxiety. Especially, in case of low experience & grade and female players, the physical anxiety is high, so that leaders should have instruction methods to boost their confidence, and to relieve their anxiety by excluding authoritative behavior. As the authoritative behavior only influences physical anxiety, other external factors besides leadership behavior patterns could increase players' competitive state anxiety, so that leaders should accurately judge players' diverse anxiety factors.; The objective of this study is to provide basic data necessary to control squash players' competitive state anxiety, by suggesting the efficient leadership behavior pattern after understanding the effects of squash leadership behavior patterns on the competitive state anxiety of middle & high school squash players, to relieve the competitive state anxiety having negative effects on athletic performance. This study targeted middle & high school squash players registered in Korea Squash Federation. It used a questionnaire including the Leadership Scale for Sports(LSS) with 24 questions containing five sub-factors such as training & directing behavior, authoritative behavior, social behavior, democratic behavior, and positive rewarding behavior, and also including the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory(CSAI-2) with 27 questions containing three sub-factors like cognitive anxiety, physical anxiety, and state confidence. The results of this study are like below. Regarding differences in accordance with sex of general characteristics, men showed significantly higher social behavior and positive rewarding behavior of leadership behavior patterns, and state confidence of competitive state anxiety than women. In case of cognitive anxiety and physical anxiety of competitive state anxiety, women was higher than men. Regarding grade, middle school players showed significantly higher authoritative behavior of leadership behavior patterns, and physical anxiety of competitive state anxiety than high school players. Regarding the matter of winning prizes for last two years, all the factors of leadership behavior patterns and competitive state anxiety did not show significant differences. In case of experience, the experience for less than two years showed significantly higher positive rewarding behavior of leadership behavior patterns than experience for more than four years. The experience for less than four years showed significantly higher cognitive anxiety of competitive state anxiety than experience for more than four years. In the results of multiple regression analysis on leadership behavior patterns and competitive state anxiety, the authoritative behavior of leadership behavior patterns had effects on physical anxiety of competitive state anxiety. In conclusion, leaders' authoritative behavior increases players' physical anxiety. Especially, in case of low experience & grade and female players, the physical anxiety is high, so that leaders should have instruction methods to boost their confidence, and to relieve their anxiety by excluding authoritative behavior. As the authoritative behavior only influences physical anxiety, other external factors besides leadership behavior patterns could increase players' competitive state anxiety, so that leaders should accurately judge players' diverse anxiety factors.