A Planar LTE/Sub-6 GHz 5G MIMO Antenna Integrated with mmWave 5G Beamforming Phased Array Antennas.

Abstract

A planar long-term evolution (LTE)/sub-6 GHz 5G multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna integrated with millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G beamforming phased array antennas for future vehicle-to-everything (V2X) applications is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of two multi-band antenna elements for the LTE and sub-6 GHz 5G bands, two single-band antenna elements for the sub-6 GHz 5G band, and four mmWave 5G beamforming phased array antennas. The two compact multi-band antennas are located on the opposite side of the ground plane and are arranged orthogonally to each other. The four mmWave 5G beamforming phased array antennas are located at the four sides of the ground plane to provide 360° coverage for the azimuth plane. All antennas are optimized for loading with a polycarbonate dielectric housing. The proposed antenna satisfies the -10 dB reflection coefficient (S11) requirement from 0.84 to 0.96 GHz, 1.22 to 2.04 GHz, 2.42 to 4.62 GHz, 25.1 to 31.4 GHz, and 33 to 34.8 GHz. A high isolation level of greater than 20 dB is achieved without adding any decoupling structures. The realized gains of the low-band antennas are higher than 2.51 dBi, and the realized gains of the mmWave 5G array antennas are higher than 15.6 dBi and 11.3 dBi at 0° and 45° scan angles, respectively.