객실 안전관리체계가 객실승무원의 안전의식과 안전행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Abstract

최근 들어 항공기 기체결함을 포함한 각종 항공기사고와 흡연, 폭행, 난동 등 기내불법행위들이 증가함에 따라 항공보안과 객실안전에 대한 관심이 언론 및 현장에서 이슈가 되고 있다. 이에 반해 관련 안전/보안교육, 규정 등 객실 안전관리체계는 미흡한 실정이다. 실제로 안전관리체계에 관하여 다각도에서 연구들이 진행되어 왔지만 주로 제조업, 건설업을 중심으로 많이 이루어져왔고, 항공분야에서 객실승무원을 대상으로 한 객실 안전관리체계에 대한 연구는 아직까지 전무한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 객실 안전관리체계의 개념과 구성요소들을 체계적으로 검토하고 K항공사의 객실 안전관리체계 구성요소 중 승무원에게 안전에 대한 경각심을 심어주고 자발적 안전행동에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지를 밝혀내고자 한다. 본 연구는 Vinodkumar and Bhasi(2010)과 Chen and Chen(2012)의 선행연구를 토대로 객실 안전관리체계의 5가지 구성요소를 도출하였다: (1) 안전매뉴얼, (2) 안전훈련교육, (3) 경영진의 안전참여문화, (4) 상향적 안전의사소통, (5) 안전보상제도 실증연구에 앞서 객실 안전관리체계, 안전의식, 안전행동에 대한 이론적 배경과 관련된 문헌조사를 실시하였고, 이들 간의 관계를 바탕으로 연구모형 및 가설을 수립하였다. 선행연구들에서 검증된 변수들의 하위요인과 측정문항을 정리하고 이를 구조화된 설문지로 작성하였다. K항공사 객실승무원을 대상으로 총 220부의 설문지를 배포하였고, 이 중 무성의하게 응답한 14부를 제외한 206부의 유효설문지를 분석에 사용하였다. SPSS와 AMOS 프로그램을 활용하여 통계분석을 진행한 본 연구의 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 객실안전관리체계가 객실승무원의 안전의식에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 경영진의 안전참여문화, 안전훈련교육, 안전보상제도 순으로 안전의식에 영향력이 큰 것으로 나타났고 안전매뉴얼과 상향적 안전의사소통은 안전의식에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 안전의식은 안전행동을 함에 있어 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 객실승무원이 안전의식을 가지고 자발적 안전행동을 하기 위해서는 객실안전관리체계를 체계적으로 보완하고 강화시켜나가야 한다는 점을 시사하고 있다. |With the recent increase in aircraft accidents, such as aircraft defects, and illegal acts, such as in-flight smoking, assault, and riots, interest in aviation security and cabin safety has risen in the media and in the field. On the other hand, cabin safety management systems such as safety and security education and regulations are insufficient. Many studies have been conducted on safety management systems, but most focus on manufacturing and construction industries. There have been no studies on cabin safety management systems for cabin crews in the aviation field yet. The purpose of this study is to systematically examine the concept and components of cabin safety management systems and to reveal which components of K Airline's cabin safety management system raise the safety awareness and affect the voluntary safety behavior of the cabin crew. Based on previous studies by Vinodkumar and Bhasi (2010) and Chen and Chen (2012), this study derives the five components of cabin safety management systems: (1) safety manual, (2) safety training and education, (3) executive management commitment, (4) upward safety communication, and (5) safety promotion policies. Prior to empirical research, a literature review was conducted to examine the theoretical background of cabin safety management systems, safety consciousness, and safety behavior and a research model and hypothesis were established based on the relationship between these factors. Subfactor and measurement items of variables verified in previous studies were summarized, and a structured questionnaire was prepared. A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed to flight attendants at K Airlines. After excluding 14 invalid questionnaires, 206 valid questionnaires were used for analysis. The main results and implications of this study after statistical analysis using SPSS and AMOS programs are as follows. First, after analyzing the effect of the cabin safety management system on cabin crews' safety consciousness, executive management commitment, safety training and education, and safety promotion policies were shown to have the greatest influence on safety consciousness. Upward safety communication and safety manual did not have a significant effect on safety consciousness. Second, safety consciousness was found to have a significant effect on safety behavior. This study's findings suggest that cabin safety management systems must be supplemented and reinforced to promote the safety awareness cabin crew, so that they may actively perform safety actions.; With the recent increase in aircraft accidents, such as aircraft defects, and illegal acts, such as in-flight smoking, assault, and riots, interest in aviation security and cabin safety has risen in the media and in the field. On the other hand, cabin safety management systems such as safety and security education and regulations are insufficient. Many studies have been conducted on safety management systems, but most focus on manufacturing and construction industries. There have been no studies on cabin safety management systems for cabin crews in the aviation field yet. The purpose of this study is to systematically examine the concept and components of cabin safety management systems and to reveal which components of K Airline's cabin safety management system raise the safety awareness and affect the voluntary safety behavior of the cabin crew. Based on previous studies by Vinodkumar and Bhasi (2010) and Chen and Chen (2012), this study derives the five components of cabin safety management systems: (1) safety manual, (2) safety training and education, (3) executive management commitment, (4) upward safety communication, and (5) safety promotion policies. Prior to empirical research, a literature review was conducted to examine the theoretical background of cabin safety management systems, safety consciousness, and safety behavior and a research model and hypothesis were established based on the relationship between these factors. Subfactor and measurement items of variables verified in previous studies were summarized, and a structured questionnaire was prepared. A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed to flight attendants at K Airlines. After excluding 14 invalid questionnaires, 206 valid questionnaires were used for analysis. The main results and implications of this study after statistical analysis using SPSS and AMOS programs are as follows. First, after analyzing the effect of the cabin safety management system on cabin crews' safety consciousness, executive management commitment, safety training and education, and safety promotion policies were shown to have the greatest influence on safety consciousness. Upward safety communication and safety manual did not have a significant effect on safety consciousness. Second, safety consciousness was found to have a significant effect on safety behavior. This study's findings suggest that cabin safety management systems must be supplemented and reinforced to promote the safety awareness cabin crew, so that they may actively perform safety actions.