발달장애인 공공후견지원사업의 방향성

Abstract

2013년 9월 1일부터 시행된 발달장애인 공공후견사업은 후견인 후보자 교육･양성과 후견신청지원으로 구성되어 있다. 그 후 이 사업은 발달장애인권리보장 및 지원에 관한 법률 제9조(성년후견제도이용지원)에 기반한 사업으로 발전되었다. 우리나라의 공공후견지원사업은 사회보장기본법상의 사회서비스라고 할 수 있는데, 일본도 우리나라와 같이사회서비스로 후견서비스를 제공하고 있다. 이에 반해 독일은 후견제도운영 전반을 국가사업으로 위치 지운 후, 후견인 보수지원, 후견제도 이용홍보, 후견인 지원 등의 방법으로 국가가 재정지원을 하고 있다. 이런 점을 감안할 때 우리나라에서 공공후견서비스를사회서비스로 제공하는 것이 바람직하지만, 이 논문은 공공후견서비스를 여타의 사회서비스, 특히 신탁서비스와 권익옹호서비스와 적절히 연계해야 할 필요성을 제안하면서 공공후견서비스는 긴급한 사무의 처리, 발생한 위험의 제거, 장기적인 지역 안심 생활 보장을 위한 신탁의 개설 등의 목적으로 제한적으로 활용해야 한다는 점을 제시하고 있다.This paper defines the public guardianship services provided in accordance with Article 9 of the Guarantee of the Rights of, and Assistance to, Persons with Developmental Disabilities Act (so-called the Persons with Developmental Disability Act) as a social service of the Basic Social Security Act. This paper also emphasizes that the public guardianship services should be differentiated from the guardianship services provided for by both professionals and relatives, in that the public guardianship services are focused on the guarantee of the safe living in the communities of persons with developmental disabilities. The purpose of the public guardianship services is to assist their decision makings in relation to medical treatments, care and daily living and occasionally to represent them in those decision makings. That being said, those decision makings can include the decision makings in relation to the management of their property for medical treatment, care and daily living, the nature of which is enduring or lasting. In the current guardianship system, the guardianship which is enduring or lasting is limited to full guardianship and limited guardianship, which incur huge social expenditure; moreover those two types of guardianship is likely to infringe the human rights of persons under guardianship. This paper therefore argues that the assistance of decision makings in relation to the management of the property should be replaced by the developmental disability trusts as much as possible. The Article 19 of the Persons with Developmental Disabilities Act provides that the individual support plan shall be made to persons with developmental disabilities, the purpose of which is to guarantee their safe living in the communities. The public guardianship services and trust services can be included in the individual support plan. Moreover, The Article 19 of the Persons with Developmental Disabilities Act provides that the advocacy agencies, The Assistance Centers for the Persons with Developmental Disabilities, shall prevent and rescue persons with developmental disabilities from dangers. For that purpose, the public guardianship services and trust services can be exploited. That being said, whereas the public guardianship services shall be provided for in accordance with Article 9 of that Act, the Persons with Developmental Disabilities Act does not have any provision on the trust services. If both services are provided to the persons with developmental disabilities, the very environment for the safe living in the communities can be promoted.