외국인 투자자의 투자성향과 정보비대칭

Abstract

본 연구는 외국인투자자의 투자성향이 정보비대칭에 미치는 영향에 대해 검증하였다. 외국인투자자가 기업 가치에 미치는 순기능적 역할은 투자 성향에 따라 상이할 수 있고 이를 보다 세부적으로 검증한다는 데 선행연구와 차이점이 존재한다. 이를 위해, Gaspar et al.(2005)와 고윤성·서영미(2014)의 연구에서 제시한 외국인 투자자의 투자성향 분류방법을 활용하였으며 종속변수인 정보비대칭은 조중석·조문희(2010)의 연구에서 제시하는 측정방법을 적용하였다. 실증분석 결과, 외국인 투자자가 장기적 투자성향을 보일 때에는 정보비대칭이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 단기적 투자성향을 보이는 집단인 경우에는 정보비대칭을 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 투자성향으로 집단을 구분하여 살펴보았을 때에도 마찬가지로 단기적 투자성향을 보이는 집단에서는 그렇지 않은 집단에 비해 정보비대칭이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 외국인투자자의 투자성향에 따라 관련 선행연구에서 살펴본 것과 같이 적용되지 않을 수 있음의 실증적 증거를 나타낸 것이다. 보다 강건한 결과 도출을 위해 군집된 표준오차를 고려한 추정에서도 같은 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. 본 연구는 투자성향에 대한 외국인 투자자의 역할에 대해 재조명(revisiting)하는 동시에 자본시장에서 외국인투자자의 역할에 대한 기업과 자본시장 참여자들의 보다 명확한 이해를 필요로 한다는 점을 제시한다는 데 의의가 있다. There are some standards to classify the investors in stock market. Investors who have ownerships of firms then they would be shareholders and Investors who have bonds like right to receiving money, then they would be creditors. if we classify investors according to the principal investment, one would be individual investors and institutional investors. According to the investors nationality, we can divide investors into native investors and foreign investors. lastly, according to investment horizon, we can classify into short-term investors and long-term investors. Generally, Institutional Investors, foreign investors, or long-term investors have large ownerships and take high returns so they are called “well-known” investors. Transient Investors do not look into firms’possibility of future cash flow or growth. they are only interested in looking for low-priced stocks and invest those stocks. then at the time that the stocks fewer increased than they bought, they sell the stocks. they concentrated in short-term investment for finance gain. Look at the other hand, there are dedicated investors. They do not care about the present price. Judging from their own decisions, they buy stocks no matter the stock price is high. if the company’s long-term performance increase than present then the profit will be included the stock price. They understand exactly the firm’s strategy and value at the investment time. Dedicated investors relatively well-informed investors and monitor the firms. The role of foreign investors have been encouraged in capital market.(Kim et al. 2010) Especially, They reduce information asymmetry, monitor the firm’s decision making, and have more ability to earn money in stock market because they are well-informed investors. Recently, The studies have coming up that the roles of foreign investors does not work anymore. In other words, the precedent researches did not consider propensities and discolored foreign investors have been growing up and account for huge proportion of foreign investors. According to article, so-called ‘Black-hair’ foreign investors are the one of reasons. The paper is to expanding precedent researches the foreign investors and information asymmetry. we classify foreign investors into four groups using investment horizons and ownerships. To measure the foreign investors horizon, we use the same method in Gasper et al.(2005) and Ko and Seo(2014). We find there is a positive relation between short-term foreign investor. which means short-term foreign investors do not play the roles that decreasing information asymmetry. Long-term foreign investors, however, reduce information asymmetry. These findings suggest there is different relationships among foreign investors.