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Titanium dioxide induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-mediated Fas upregulation and Bax activation

Title
Titanium dioxide induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-mediated Fas upregulation and Bax activation
Author
이수재
Keywords
TiO2; reactive oxygen species; apoptotic cell death; Fas upregulation; Bax activation; mitochondrial membrane potential loss; caspase activation
Issue Date
2012-03
Publisher
Dove Medical Press LTD
Citation
Journal of Nanomedicine, 2012, 7, P.1203-1214
Abstract
Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely used in many areas, including biomedicine, cosmetics, and environmental engineering. Recently, it has become evident that some TiO2 particles have a considerable cytotoxic effect in normal human cells. However, the molecular basis for the cytotoxicity of TiO2 has yet to be defined.Methods and results: In this study, we demonstrated that combined treatment with TiO2 nanoparticles sized less than 100 nm and ultraviolet A irradiation induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-dependent upregulation of Fas and conformational activation of Bax in normal human cells. Treatment with P25 TiO2 nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic size distribution centered around 70 nm (TiO2P25-70) together with ultraviolet A irradiation-induced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death, accompanied by transcriptional upregulation of the death receptor, Fas, and conformational activation of Bax. In line with these results, knockdown of either Fas or Bax with specific siRNA significantly inhibited TiO2-induced apoptotic cell death. Moreover, inhibition of reactive oxygen species with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, clearly suppressed upregulation of Fas, conformational activation of Bax, and subsequent apoptotic cell death in response to combination treatment using TiO2P25-70 and ultraviolet A irradiation.Conclusion: These results indicate that sub-100 nm sized TiO2 treatment under ultraviolet A irradiation induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-mediated upregulation of the death receptor, Fas, and activation of the preapoptotic protein, Bax. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which nanosized particles induce activation of cell death signaling pathways would be critical for the development of prevention strategies to minimize the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials.
URI
https://www.dovepress.com/titanium-dioxide-induces-apoptotic-cell-death-through-reactive-oxygen--peer-reviewed-article-IJN
ISSN
1178-2013
DOI
10.2147/IJN.S28647
Appears in Collections:
COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES[S](자연과학대학) > LIFE SCIENCE(생명과학과) > Articles
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