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적응순환이론의 적용을 통한 저층주거지 지역사회의 리질리언스 고찰

Title
적응순환이론의 적용을 통한 저층주거지 지역사회의 리질리언스 고찰
Other Titles
Community Resilience in Low-rise Residential Areas based on the Application of the Adaptive Cycle - Focused on Jangsu Village in Seoul -
Author
송혜승
Alternative Author(s)
Song, HYE SEUNG
Advisor(s)
이명훈
Issue Date
2018-02
Publisher
한양대학교
Degree
Doctor
Abstract
Resilience is a concept to supplement the limitations of the old approach to urban issues(Lu·Stead, 2013) and is recognized as a direction to be sought after in urban regeneration that is actively being discussed(Kim Jeong-gon et al., 2016), thus increasing in its need and importance. It is time to conduct research on plans to present the resilience concept clearly and establish resilience for its proper utilization in the field of urban planning and management. There are various interpretations of resilience. Previous studies commonly explain that resilience refers to a capability of coping with confusion and crises appropriately to maintain the functions and values of a system and a process of adjusting to and innovating problems on an ongoing basis. Even though resilience is understood as a process of innovation through reaction and adjustment to problems, it is interpreted as a concept of recovery in the field of urban planning in many cases(Kim Dong-hyeon et al., 2015). This problematic consciousness recognizes resilience only as a means of dealing with an abrupt crisis situation(Kang Hyeon-cheol and Lee Chang-geun, 2017), thus having a difficult time with offering proper implications as a capability of reacting and adjusting to changes and problems that are present in daily life or appearing slowly. This study focused on the adaptive cycle theory to recognize resilience as a "process" of reacting and adjusting to changes and shocks toward innovation and examine it specifically since the theory defined resilience as an ability of passing through each stage of the cycle successfully(Fath et al., 2015). The adaptive cycle theory is also used as a framework of tracing and analyzing changes to the social ecosystem and the adaptive process of a system(Pelling·Manuel-Navarrete, 2011). This study thus made a judgment that the theory would have high utilization values as a means of analyzing a response and adjustment process to various local issues and changes. Although the theory is considered to have high utilization values as a means of analyzing the establishment process of resilience, it has a couple of problems with its utilization in actual areas: First, the definitions of the analysis criteria are ambiguous in the preceding adaptive cycle theory. Being the first to introduce the adaptive cycle theory in the aspect of social systems, Holling·Gunderson(2002) explained the stages of an adaptive cycle based on the changing size of potential and connectedness. Since the definitions potential and connectedness proposed as analysis criteria are abstract and ambiguous, they are not proper to be applied to actual areas straight. Second, there are no domestic case studies that examined the establishment process of local resilience by applying the concept of the adaptive cycle theory. Most of previous studies from Holling·Gunderson(2002) to Pelling·Manuel-Navarrete(2011) and Abcouwer·Parson(2011) analyzed certain organizations or social systems. There should be empirical analysis of the analysis criteria proposed in previous studies in real case areas in order to figure out they could analyze and explain the capabilities of local systems to deal with actual local issues. Thirdly, studies based on the adaptive cycle theory proposed different analysis criteria. There is a need to apply these analysis criteria frameworks to real case areas and revise and supplement the content of the analysis criteria according to the local situations in the nation. The purposes of this study is to diagnose the usable possibilities and problems of the preceding adaptive cycle theory by applying it to actual areas and propose its utilization direction as a model to diagnose the establishment process of local resilience. This study analyzed the changing process of the community in a low-rise residential area by applying the adaptive cycle theory and chose the Jangsu Village in Seoul as a specific subject area. The research was conducted in the following process: First, this study examined major analysis items related to the adaptive cycle theory by looking into the current state of low-rise residential areas as well as the theory. Second, it examined the activities developed by the community of the Jangsu Village and selected a set of specific analysis criteria and methodologies to analyze it from the perspective of the theory. Third, it analyzed the changing processes of "resource structures" and “organization forms & realization structures" based on the community activities implemented in the Jangsu Village and examined the characteristics of these activities according to the stages of the theory. Lastly, it compared the characteristics of the Jangsu Village according to the stages of theory with those proposed in the preceding theory according to the stages, supplemented the content in each stage, and provided implications for the establishment process of resilience in the community in a low-rise residential area. The major findings and implications were as follows: First, this study analyzed the community activities of the Jangsu Village from the perspective of the adaptive cycle theory and judged that the theory could be utilized as a means of diagnosing the resilience establishment process in an actual community. The analysis results of the Village revealed some common characteristics with those of previous studies: first, the four stages of an adaptive cycle, which include organization, growth, stabilization, and deconstruction, were observed in the community of the Jangsu Village, as well. The findings were, in particular, the most similar to the research content of Abcouwer·Parson(2011) that proposed an adaptive cycle model from the perspective of changing organizational needs and abilities. The changing forms(organized - diffused) of the community organization worked as major analysis criteria to determine a stage in the adaptive cycle like the adaptive cycle model of Pelling·Manuel-Navarrete(2011). Second, it supplemented partially the content when the interpretations were ambiguous of the analysis criteria proposed by the preceding adaptive cycle theory or when the changing process of the analysis criteria was different from the current state of an actual community. The content was follows: Holling·Gunderson(2002) divided the stages of an adaptive cycle according to potential and connectedness, but these concepts were too ambiguous to be applied to the community in a low-rise residential area in the nation. By consulting the content of previous studies that offered explanations about Holling·Gunderson(2002), the present study interpreted potential as accumulated resources(Kim Jeong-gon et al., 2017; Daedlow et al., 2011) and proposed the accumulated amount and nature of community capabilities(a component of resilience) as specific analysis criteria. An approach was made to connectedness from the perspective of systematization among the variables(Kim Jeong-gon et al., 2017) or changing forms of an organization. As the adaptive cycle model proposed by Holling·Gunderson(2002) did not match the current state of the Jangsu Village in some parts, the preceding model was partially revised in the form according to its current state. The changing process of an institution proposed as an analysis criterion by Pelling·Manuel-Navarrete(2011) was removed from the list of analysis criteria because its relations were difficult to be explained from the perspectives of community changes in a low-rise residential area and the adaptive cycle theory. This study examined a resilience establishment direction for the community in low-rise residential areas by supplementing the preceding adaptive cycle model and had the following implications for the major characteristics and coping directions of each stage in an adaptive cycle. The organization stage sees the emergence of new organizations and ideas with temporary and experimental activities. In the case of the Jangsu Village, the organizations established and the resources accumulated in the organization stage had effects even on the stabilization stage. These findings imply that when the resources and organizations established in the previous stage in the community have effects on the following stages, they can serve as positive factors to pass each stage successfully. One particular capability established in the organization stage was local study. Since local study was the biggest influencer in the establishment of other capabilities, there is a need for ongoing local study to build various capabilities. If the organization stage persists, there will be a risk of repeating only unproductive activities in the swamp of the wandering stage. The community thus needs to be fast to set specific goals and move onto the next stage. The growth stage is characterized by the biggest accumulation of resilience capabilities and the rich pool of community members doing activities within the community. The stage is need of active resource accumulation and ongoing input of labor force and resources. If there are no proper strategic investments to fulfill the goals, the community may fail to achieve its goals in the swamp of the poverty stage. The stabilization stage sees the community in an overall stable state with its goals fulfilled. As the organizational form of the community shrinks at this stage, it is highly likely that the community will lose its flexibility and diversity. The longer the stabilization stage continues, the better it will be. There is, however, a risk of negative outcomes including vigilance against exchanges with the outside and increasing internal rigidity when the community is trapped in the swap of narcissism. Negative emotions about new ideas or outsiders can, in particular, hinder local innovation and lead to the prolonged deconstruction stage. The deconstruction stage witnesses the accumulated resources and the old community breaking down. It represents the biggest crisis and, at the same time, an opportunity for innovation. This stage requires fast decisions and responses. If the community fails to overcome the stage swiftly, it can lose all of its autogenous abilities accumulated in the swamp of the confusion stage. In such a case, the values sought after by the community may break down along with the major environmental and social resources of a low-rise residential area, which will make it difficult to restore its forms and values. The community should thus be careful not to have the deconstruction stage prolonged. This study holds it significance in that it applied the adaptive cycle theory to an actual area and thus checked its usable possibilities and further supplemented the preceding adaptive cycle model to utilize it as a means of analyzing the resilience establishment process in an actual community. If the adaptive cycle model is supplemented with various local cases, it can be used as a criterion to diagnose the resilience establishment process in the community in the nation in a more specific and accurate manner. The present study claims its significance as a basic study on the subject.
URI
https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/68734http://hanyang.dcollection.net/common/orgView/200000432826
Appears in Collections:
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF URBAN STUDIES[S](도시대학원) > URBAN DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT AND REAL ESTATE(도시개발경영·부동산학과) > Theses (Ph.D.)
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