러시아 자본주의의 형성과 발전: 석유·가스에 대한 의존과 국가-기업 관계를 중심으로

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze distinctive characteristics and nature of Russian capitalism under the assumption that Russian economy has been evolved into the direction towards capitalism since it began its transition to a market economy. In chapter 2, it is investigated the background of the formation of Russian-style capitalism through analyzing the Russian transition strategies, outcomes, and their realities since 1992. In chapter 3, we intend to investigate the most distinctive feature of Russian capitalism, i.e. dependence on oil and gas, and emphasize deeply-rooted dependence on oil and gas sector, which would be not only a lasting strength but also a significant weakness for Russian capitalism. In chapter 4, changing features of oligarchic capitalism in Yeltsin"s era and state capitalism in Putin"s era are examined with the emphasis on state-business relations. In conclusion, some important features and preliminary prospects for the future development of Russian capitalism are summarized on the basis of above analysis.At present, Russian economy, having experienced a great shock once again due to the global financial crisis in 2009, is in the stage to strengthen stability of the capitalist system of a market economy rather than to resolve the challenges of further transition. As is situated in these conditions, Russia cannot only replicate the institutional merits of other advanced capitalist countries. Being still not freed from the legacies of the past system, it may be more appropriate for Russia the state-led corporatistic capitalist system rather than the Anglo-American capitalist system for its developing institutions and organizational forms. Broad consensus has been formed among internal and external scholars that the efforts in Yeltsin"s era to replicate Anglo-American capitalist system upon the ruins of old system yielded unproductive results. Hence, for the future of Russian capitalism, Russia should not only take advantage of the assets left from past system but also rest on them.