공간어포던스관점에서본한옥형예식장의확장된공간경험연구

Abstract

As‘MillennialGeneration’reachesmarriageableage,theperceptionofmarriageandweddingsisalsochanging.Theirstrongdesireforself-expressioncanbefoundinspecialweddingssuchas'SmallWedding','PrivateWedding'and‘DestinationWedding’.Thevalues​​ofthegenerationwhowantotherceremoniesarereflected,andtheyappearinvariousways.Thetendencytopursueself-satisfyingvalues​​ratherthantobeseenbyotherscanalsobeseeninsmallandreasonableweddings.Giventhecircumstances,weddingsinthe‘hanok’(traditionalkoreanhouse)spacearegettingpopularinSouthKorea. Thisstudyanalyzedandexploredtheexpansiveandopenspatialexperiencesofhanok-styleweddingvenues,basedonthe‘spatialaffordance’pointofview,thatis1)‘culturalexperienceofspace’inducedandpromotedbyculturalhybridityanditsdetailfactors;culturalambivalence,culturalhybridization,culturalcreolization,2)‘userexperience’ofservicescapeattributes.Throughsuchanalyses,thisstudywascarriedouttoexplorefuture-orientedandsustainabledevelopmentplansofhanok-styleweddingvenues. Spatialaffordanceis‘allpropertiesofspacethatinducehumanbehavior’,encompassingphysical,material,andtangiblepropertiesaswellasimmaterial,abstract,andintangibleproperties,andatthesametime,fromthepointofviewofa‘spaceofflow’,allproperties,allelements.Also,itisaperspectivethatseekstocomprehensivelyandbroadlygraspthecontinuousexchanges,interactions,transitionsandflowsbetweensub-areas.Inthisstudy,focusingontheexpansionoftheseideasandtheexpansionofawareness,fromtheperspectiveofspatialaffordance,‘culturalhybridity’,whichistheimmaterialandabstractattributeofahanok-styleweddingvenue,andmaterialservicescapeexperiencewereexplored. Theresultsofthisstudyaresummarizedasfollows. First,thisstudyselected5hanok-styleweddingvenuesasthesubjectsofcasestudy,Rokgo-jae,Sarang-jae,Gahoe-dongCathedral,SeokpajeongSeoulArtGallery,HouseofKorea.Allfivevenueshavearelativelyhighrecognitionamonghanokloversandtheyalsospreadtheexcellenceofhanokcultureandtraditionalculture.Thisstudyexaminedcommonitemssuchas①historyandoverview,②siteconditionsandcompositionofexternalspace,③exteriordesignelements,④interiorspatialstructureand⑤utilizationofweddingceremonyspaceuniformlyforall5weddingvenues. Second,thisstudyextractedandcomposed33servicescapeitemsthatmayaffecttheuserexperienceofhanok-styleweddingvenuethroughonlineandofflineinterviewwithprofessionalsandhands-onworkersandwrittendiscussionandconductedsurveywiththemillennialscustomersbasedonthistocollectandanalyze231copiesofdata.Amongthesedata,higheritemswithhigherinfluencewhicharestrengtheningofusabilityandconvenienceofparkinglot,managementofeffectivemovinglinesinsideandoutside,compositionandarrangementofrationalinteriorspace,andstrengtheningaestheticsshouldbefurtherfocused. Third,thisstudyconductedin-depthinterviewwithprofessionalsin5hanok-styleweddingvenuesandanalyzedcollecteddatatoexaminethedevelopment,detailedconditionandeffectsof‘culturalhybridityofhanok-styleweddingvenue’anditsdetailedfactors.Theresultsshowedthateachof5hanok-styleweddingvenueshaditsownaspectandcharacteristicsintermsofculturalambivalence,culturalhybridizationandculturalcreolizationinaccordancewiththepurposeofestablishmentandhistory,placeidentityandbrandcharacteristicsthataredifferenteachother. Finally,fromtheperspectiveofspaceaffordance,thecorrelationbetweenalltheabovestudieswascross-verified,andbysynthesizingthem,thedesigngoalanddetailedstrategiesforusingthehanokvenuetobebuiltinthefutureasahanok-typeweddingvenuewerepresented,andtheplanforuseasaweddingceremonialspacewasdiscussed.Thegoalsoftheproposeddesignstrategyaresummarizedasfollows. 1)Spacessuchasyard,bridalroom,Pyebaek(traditionalkoreanweddingceremony)roomarevariablyconfigured.2)Makeconciseandconvenientflowplanningbyefficientlycirculatingtheexternalspace-theindoorspace,andtheyard-thehouse.3)Consideringthecaseofusingtheindoorspaceasabanquethall,securethesizeandservicelevelofthebanquetspace. 4)Secureaparkingspacesuitableforthesizeoftheevent,butatthe‘HanokPreservationArea’,toovercomethelegislationswithsecuringnearbyparkinglotsandadditionalmanpowerservice.5)Inthedesign,construction,andmaintenancestages,usethenewconstructionmethodofHanok,utilizenewmaterials,andestablishqualitystandards.6)SecuringtheaestheticsofthedesignelementsofHanokbyusingmodernarchitecturaltechniquesandmaterialswhicharemixedappropriatelytocompensatefortheshortcomingsofhanok.7)Modernizetraditionalelementsofhanoksuchaswindows,furniture,andobjectstocreateculturalhybridity.8)Designanexpandablespacesothatvariousattemptscanbemadeaccordingtocustomerrequirementsandweddingconcepts. 9)Preparecontentalternatives(weddingceremony,performance,etc.)toovercomethelimitationsofthesiteselectionstage.10)Usearchitecturalstylesorcontentsthatcanmaximizetheoriginalpurposeofthebusinessorthehistoricityandlocalityofthesite.

Itisexpectedthattheachievementofthisstudycanbeutilizedastheoreticalandpracticalguidelinesandcomprehensivereferencethatarehelpfultoderivecultural,socialandbusinessdevelopmentinhanok-styleweddingvenueandarchitecturaldesignarea.|밀레니얼세대(MillennialGeneration)가결혼적령기를맞이하게되면서결혼과결혼식에대한인식도변화하고있다.그들의강한자기표현의욕구는‘스몰웨딩(SmallWedding)’이나‘프라이빗웨딩(PrivateWedding)’그리고‘휴양지웨딩(DestinationWedding)’과같은이색결혼식에서찾아볼수있는데,개인의특별성에집중하여남들과는다른예식을원하는세대의가치가반영되어다양한양상으로나타나는것이다.남에게보이기위한것이아닌스스로만족하는가치를추구하는성향은소규모의합리적인‘작은결혼식’에서보이기도한다.이러한시대적결혼가치관의변화는한옥공간에서의결혼식이새롭게재조명되고있는배경과무관하지않을것이다. 이에본연구는공간어포던스관점에따라한옥건축물의특징과함께결혼예식장으로서의사용현황을살펴보고,사용자의확장적·개방적인공간경험을1)물질적,물리적,사회·경제적공간어포던스속성인서비스스케이프에의해촉진되는‘사용자경험’과2)비물질적,문화적공간어포던스속성인문화적혼종성에의해유도되는‘공간에대한정신적,감성적경험’의두영역으로구분하여고찰·분석하고그종합적함의를논의하였다.그를통해,한옥형예식장의미래지향적이고지속가능한발전방안을탐색하고제언하였다. 공간어포던스는‘인간행동을유발하는공간의모든속성’으로서,물리적,물질적,유형적속성은물론,비물질적,추상적,무형적속성까지포괄하는동시에,‘흐름의공간’이라는관점에서모든속성,모든요소와함께모든세부영역간에지속되는교류작용,상호작용,전환과흐름까지를포괄적으로파악하려는관점이다.본연구는이러한관념의확대,인식의확대에주목하면서공간어포던스관점에서한옥형예식장의물리적,물질적속성인서비스스케이프및비물질적,추상적속성인‘문화적혼종성’에대해사용자가지각하고체험하는공간경험을탐색하였다.

본연구의결과를요약하면다음과같다. 첫째,현장조사사례로선정한대상지의①연혁및개요,②대지조건및외부공간구성,③외부의장요소,④내부공간구조,⑤결혼예식공간활용의공통항목을조사하고DB화하였다.그결과,모든사례대상지는문화적혼종성을확장하는과정을통해리브랜딩되었다고결론지을수있다. 둘째,한옥형예식장공간의물질적,물리적,사회·경제적속성인서비스스케이프의사용자경험에영향을미칠수있는33개항목을실무자서면토의방식등을통해추출·구성하여,이를토대로밀레니얼세대고객을대상으로이설문조사를실시하여231부의자료를수집·분석하였다.그결과,한옥형예식장의서비스스케이프경험을제고하기위해서는일원적품질속성과매력적품질속성의활용을중시하되,그중에서도더욱큰이영향력을지니는상위의항목,즉주차장의사용성·편의성강화,내외이동동선관리,합리적인실내공간구성과배치,이전체분위기정돈·관리,실내환경관리,인테리어의심미성강화등에더욱이집중함으로써,긍정적인사용자경험과감성기억을촉진하고강화해야할당위성을확인하였다. 셋째,한옥형예식장의비물질적,문화적속성인‘문화적혼종성’과세부요인들의전개양상,세부실태및그로부터유도·촉진되는정신적,감성적경험등을고찰하기위해,한옥형예식장관련실무자에대한심층인터뷰를시행하고취합한자료들을분석하였다.그결과,각각의현장조사사례대상지가상이한설립취지와연혁,장소정체성,브랜드특성에부합되는고유의문화적혼종성을보여주는것으로파악되었다.이를바탕으로,결혼문화발전과질적확장을선도하고있음을확인하였다. 마지막으로,공간어포던스관점하에서상기한모든연구간의연관성을교차검증하였고,이를종합하여향후지어질한옥공간이한옥형예식장으로활용되기위한디자인목표와이에따른세부전략을제시하고,결혼예식공간으로서의활용방안에대해논의하였다.제시한디자인전략의목표를요약하면다음과같다.

1)예식실(마당),신부대기실등의공간을가변성있게구성한다. 2)외부공간-한옥내부,마당-채를드나드는동선을효율적으로하여간결하고편리하게한다. 3)실내공간을연회실로쓰는경우를고려하여,연회공간의규모와서비스수준을확보한다. 4)행사규모에맞는주차공간을확보하되,한옥보존구역은인근시설및 서비스인력을확보하여한계를극복한다. 5)쾌적한실내환경을위해설계·시공·유지보수단계에서한옥신공법과 신소재를활용하고,표준화된품질기준을정립한다. 6)한옥의의장요소의심미성을확보하되,현대식건축기법과재료를 적절히혼합하여단점을보완한다. 7)창호,가구,오브제등에한옥의전통요소를현대화여문화적혼종성을 확보한다. 8)고객의요구사항과웨딩컨셉별로다양한시도가가능하게끔확장성있는공간을설계한다. 9)사이트선정단계의한계를극복하기위한콘텐츠적대안(웨딩세레모니,퍼포먼스등)을마련한다. 10)업장의본래용도나해당사이트만이가지는역사성᠊장소성을극대화할수있는건축양식혹은콘텐츠를활용한다.

본연구는결혼산업이침체기로접어들고있는현시점에서,‘확장된문화·예술·예식복합체및공간복합경험’이라는한옥형예식장만의독특한브랜드특성과비즈니스모델을제시하였고,해당공간의디자인전략과활용방안에대해제언하였다.추후진행할후속연구와함께본논문이웨딩산업과한옥설계디자인,그리고한옥비즈니스현장에보탬이되기를기대한다.