한국은 어떻게 자조주택을 변용했는가? : 완성주택 공급과 주택금융 도입을 중심으로

Abstract

This study aims to identify the ways in which self-help housing was introduced in Korea, its reasons for not having an impact in the country, and the background for its transformation into completed housing provided with housing financing in “The Secondary Cities Regional Project in Korea”, which was a part of the World Bank’s Sites and Services Project in the 1970s. According to this study, self-help housing in Korea was introduced in the Miari Assimilation Project, whose mechanism was similar to other international self-help housing projects. The Miari Assimilation Project, however, was a failure due to hasty construction and a lack of administrative capability, and self-help housing, which is constructed gradually in accordance with residents’ labor force and economic circumstances, was subsequently replaced by completed housing provided by the government. Meanwhile, in 1957, when the construction of the Miari Assimilation Project commenced, the media reported the government’s announcement to provide housing financing to build self-help housing, which has been linked with housing financing since the moment it was introduced. Although it became difficult to find self-help housing after this failure, housing financing was continuously used in other housing construction projects. Finally, although there were some differences depending on the period or project details, self-help housing in Korea in the 1960s was transformed such that completed housing was provided by the government and residents repaid the cost afterward. Although this transformation weakened the ideological nature of self-help housing, which emphasized residents’ autonomy, it laid a foundation for the Korean transformation of self-help housing, which is also observed in the Secondary Cities Regional Project.