국내 종합병원 설계경기 당선작의 설계 변경 원인에 관한 연구

Abstract

종합병원에는 다른 건물에 비해 다양한 기능들이 존재하며 이를 매우 중요시 여기는 결정 과정 등의 이유로 인해 최종 실시설계 완료 때까지 많은 변경이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 기능의 변화는 실의 기능 변화뿐만 아니라 부문의 기능까지도 포함하고 있으며, 이러한 기능의 변화는 병원건축의 고정요소라고 할 수 있는 공용복도, 수직 코어, 샤프트 등의 변화까지도 동반하게 된다. 설계공모지침서는 주로 기능변화를 중심으로 서술되어 있고 고정요소에 대한 중요성을 인식할 수 있거나 그에 대한 기술 방법에 대한 지침 내용은 매우 미흡하다. 본 연구는 종합병원의 설계 공모 이후 현상설계 제출도면과 최종 실시설계의 비교분석을 통해, 설계공모 이후 발생하는 설계변화와 원인 파악하고 이를 설계공모 지침서에 반영할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. |In general, compared with other buildings, the large general hospital always has multi functions. Since that both sides have attached great importance to the multi functions and various reasons in the design process, we have made many design modifications before the final project design is completed. It is not only reflected in the change of medical functional space, in fact, a variety of fixed elements cannot be easily changed once they are planned, such as Vertical Core, Shaft, Corridor, AHU etc. The design collection guide mainly focuses on the function change, but there are still some deficiencies in the importance of fixed elements and the guidance content of architectural design direction. Therefore, in this study, through the comparative analysis of the design submission drawing and the final implementation design of the general hospital after the design solicitation, the design changes and reasons after the design collection have been explored systematically, and provides the basic information that can be presented in the design collection guide. （1）A, B and C Hospitals are all constructed by turnkey mode. However, In the design process, the plane not only changes in the dimension of variable elements, but also changes in the dimension of fixed elements that will not easily change. The change of fixed elements is mainly reflected in the change of location and area scale. （2）In the initial design stage, if the fixed element area scale plan is insufficient, the space of variable elements may be occupied when the area is added later, by which the whole space design would be changed. Based on the proportion of the area of the final implementation design as the standard, in the investigated hospitals, the area scale of fixed element space is in the range of 29.8% to 32.6% of the total area. Among them, AHU accounts for 3.6% to 4.2%, the power / mechanical room accounts for 4.4% to 5.5%, the Shaft accounts for 3.5% to 3.8%, the Vertical core accounts for 5.3% to 5.5%, while the corridor accounts for 11.4% to 12.8% of the total area. （3）The area, location and layout of AHU directly affect the shaft, therefore, it can be judged that AHU is an important factor affecting the change of fixed elements. According to the perspective of the supply mode of AHU, it can be divided into centralized supply mode and each layer supply mode. The distribution position of AHU is evenly and dispersedly distributed in the horizontal and vertical directions of the plane. （4）If the layout direction of Ward changes, it will not only directly affect the changes of Vertical Core and Shaft in the lower layer of Ward, but also affect the position changes of power / mechanical room in the basement closely related to Ward. The change of fixed elements will lead to the change of variable elements. Therefore, as the overall planning of vertical hospital will be affected by the ward direction, the ward layout direction must be examined and discussed in many aspects comprehensively before the design. （5）Based on the data, it is concluded that the type of Corridor is transformed from Linear to Double line. The linear system generally has the largest gap in the depth of space between each block planned as two due to the middle public corridor, which is considerably disadvantageous for the interchange of functions. On the other hand, the double linear system shows the difference in the depth of space among blocks planned as three due to the two public corridors; also due to the combination of the middle block the maximum spatial depth can be easily planned。In addition, the double line type has two double line corridors, a special circulation corridor for patients was added. From the view of the utilization and distribution of corridors, patients’ special corridor and public corridor have been separated, which is intended to improve the operation efficiency and effectively prevent the hospital infection simultaneously