Site-Specific Synthesis of Carbazole Derivatives through Aryl Homocoupling and Amination

Abstract

We synthesized various carbazoles from anilines through a three-step process with good overall yields (up to 48%). This process comprises N-acetylation, copper(0)-mediated Ullmann homocoupling, and acid-mediated intramolecular amination. It permits various functional groups on the substrate. Scale-up of the developed threestep synthetic route to carbazoles was also demonstrated.