신탁통치문제와 미소공동위원회

Abstract

모스크바 협정의 한국조항은 국내정치세력의 분열의 원인이 되었지만 실제로 그것이 어떤 정책이었는지에 대해서는 왜곡보도로 인해 진정한 의미와 의도를 파악하지 못하였다. 따라서 단순히 자파의 권력획득과 민족감정에 치우친 대립으로 나아갔던 것이다. 모스크바 3상회의 결정에 따라 미소공동위원회가 열렸지만 1946년 4월 18일에 발표된 제5호 성명서의 해석을 둘러싸고 대립하게 되었고, 결국 반탁을 주장하는 단체 참여에 대한 합의점을 찾지 못하고 결렬되었다. 국내정치세력들의 좌우합작의 노력이 있었지만 좌우합작위원회가 정계의 중심이 되는 것을 원치 않았던 좌익과 우익에 의해 결실을 거두지 못하였다. 제2차 미소공동위원회를 개회하려는 미국과 소련의 접촉이 있었고, 그 과정에서 신탁통치 문제에대한 우리 국민의 오해를 불식시키기 위해 브라운 소장의 성명발표가 있었다. 그러나 반탁운동은 계속되었고, 참여단체에 있어 합의점을 찾지 못한 미소공위는 결렬되게 되었다. 결국 남한만의 총선거가 이루어지게 됨에 따라 분단국가 수립이라고 하는 비극이 시작되었다. 남북협상의 노력이 있었지만 권력의 주변부로 밀려나 이상적이었을 뿐 남북분단을 막기에는 역부족 이었다. 다소 시간이 걸리더라도 민족독립의 길로 나아갈 수 있었던 기회가 바로 미소공동위원회였음에도 불구하고 내부권력투쟁과 신탁통치에 대한 오해로 생긴 의견대립이 통일의 기회를 상실하게 만드는 단초가 되었던 것이다.; The issue of trusteeship raised in late 1945 gave great influence to power struggle between the camps of the leftist and rightist. After the independence, trusteeship was proposed under the atmosphere for desire for immediate freedom and the whole nation instantly opposed to anti-trusteeship. Rightist’s anti-trusteeship and leftist’s pro-trusteeship intercepted domestic power to be concentrated and caused division of the country. Of course, it is difficult to conclude that mere domestic political power conflict caused the division. It was the fact that weakened friendly relations between the United States and the Soviet Union and contradicting national benefits of the two countries were significant elements in solving the problem of Korean peninsular. However, Koreans misunderstanding and distortion about the Article related to Korean during the Moscow three-party-talk, and disruption and confrontation of domestic politics and countermeasure of Korean political power in the process of US-USSR Joint Committee impeded the establishment of a unified government. The Article related to Korea in Moscow Treaty was the reason of domestic political disruption, but distorted reporting about actual policy made difficult to understand the true intention of it. Thus, the political parties had mere confrontation between each other to achieve the power with inclined nationalism. US-USSR Joint Committee was held under the resolution of Moscow Three-party talk, but they had disagreement in interpreting the statement number 5 announced on April 18, 1946. Finally, they could not get agreement point with the group that asserted anti-trusteeship and it was cancelled. Domestic politicians tried to combine leftist and rightist powers but leftist and rightist did not want the Joint Committee of Left and Right to be the center of government, and the efforts were failed. The United States and the Soviet Union contacted to each other to hold the second round US-USSR Joint Committee, and Major General Brown announced a statement to wipe out misunderstanding among Korean citizens. However, anti-trusteeship movement was continued and US-USSR Joint Committee was cancelled because it could not find an agreement point with participating groups. As a result, a general election was held only in South Korea and it was the start to establish the tragic divided country. Idealistic efforts to have talk between the North and the South were ousted to periphery of the power and it was incapable to prevent from division of the North and the South. US-USSR Joint Committee was the opportunity to have a national independence although it might take some time, but internal struggle over power and disagreement due to misunderstanding about trusteeship were the cause to lose the chance of unification.