性暴力犯罪被害者의 保護 및 支援方向에 관한 硏究

Abstract

우리나라 형사 사법의 궁극적인 목적은 처벌을 부과하는 정부의 집행권한을 확인하는 것으로 끝나는 것이 아니라, 가해자와 피해자 사이의 갈등을 해결하기 위해 적극적이기도 해야 한다. 또한 범죄피해자에 대한 관심과 피해자가 수사, 재판 등의 과정에 참여해야 한다는 여러 주장들을 단순히 진실을 확인할 필요가 있어서가 아니라 기본적인 권리라는 것을 이해할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 성폭력범죄피해자의 권리보호에 관한 적극적인 방향을 제시하고 지원방향을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 우리나라의 성폭력범죄피해자에 관한 연구는 비교적 짧은 역사를 가지고 있어 성폭력범죄피해자에 관한 연구가 적으며, 또한 성폭력범죄는 일반적으로 단 둘이 있을 때 발생해 증거를 얻기가 어려운 것이 사실이다. 그리하여 수사, 재판 과정에서 범죄피해자는 다시 엄청난 고통을 받게 되어 2차 피해자가 되기도 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 성폭력범죄피해자의 권리를 보호하기 위한 제도를 확인하는 것이기도 하다. 그러기 위해서는 현실에 맞는 성폭력범죄의 개념, 영향, 특징 등의 개념을 정리하고 피해자의 권리를 확인해 볼 필요성이 있다. 더불어 성폭력범죄피해자 보호의 한계를 실감하게 될 것이다. 성폭력범죄피해자의 보호와 지원방향은 꾸준히 발전하여 왔지만 아직 미흡하다고 할 수 있다. 이런 점들을 선진국들의 성폭력범죄피해자 보호와 지원방향을 위한 다양한 제도들에 주목할 필요가 있다. 이와 같은 여러 가지 제도들을 우리나라에 맞게 효과적으로 받아들여 성폭력범죄피해자들을 보호하고 지원할 수 있는 제도들로 만들기 위해 많은 논의와 검토를 하여야 한다. 또한 이를 이행하기 앞서 무엇보다 우선적으로 선행되어야 할 것은 성폭력범죄피해자가 더 이상 ‘성폭력범죄피해자’가 아니라 성폭력범죄 사건의 당사자로서 정당하게 보호, 지원받을 수 있어야 한다. 이러한 인식의 전환을 위하여 수사, 재판, 집행, 지원 등 모든 과정에서 각 기관의 교육과 자질향상에 국가가 앞장서야함은 물론, 국민의 지대한 관심과 회초리도 꾸준히 필요하다. 또한 성폭력범죄피해자를 위한 보호를 강조한 나머지 피의자․ 피고인의 인권을 무시하여서도 안 된다. 양자를 배타적인 것으로 보기보다는 서로 포용이 가능한 것으로 보고, 규범조화적인 방법으로 피의자․ 피고인의 인권과 성폭력범죄피해자의 인권을 아울러 보장하기 위하여 적어도 성폭력범죄피해자의 참여를 보장하는 제도를 도입하는 데 있어서 전향적인 자세를 가지는 것이 필요하다. 마지막으로, 성폭력범죄를 당한 사실을 이제는 더 이상 치욕스러워 할 것이 아니라는 사실을 인식시키고, 성폭력범죄피해자에 대한 사회적 편견을 불식하도록 정책적 노력이 있어야 한다. 여성의 사회적 활동은 활성화하면서 역으로 성폭력범죄 피해의 기회에 노출되는 현실을 감안하여 피해상황에 대하여 올바르게 이해하고 각자의 가능한 범위에서 적절한 피해회복을 위한 사회적 보호․ 지원과 법적 보상제도를 극대화하여야 한다고 생각한다. |The ultimate purpose of illegal criminal acts of Korea is not only to make sure the government's executive authority but also to be active in order to settle the conflicts between an attacker and a victim. Also, we need to understand that with the attention to victims of crime, victims should participate in the investigation and the trial is not because it is necessary to examine the truth but because it is their fundamental right. The purpose of this study is to suggest a practical direction on protection of the rights of rape victims and to show ways of supporting them. The study on rape victims in Korea has a somewhat short history, so that there are not so many studies on rape victims and an rape usually happens when the two are alone. So, a victim of crime sometimes becomes a second victim during the investigation and the trial because of severe pains. Therefore, this study is also for reviewing a system to protect the rights of rape victims. To do this, it needs to organize the practical concept, effect, and features of rape crime and examine the right of victims. Furthermore, it is natural to reach the limit of protection of rape victims. Although the course of support and protection of rape victims has developed, it is still unsatisfactory. We need to pay attention to developed countries about their systems on the protection and the course of support for rape victims. So we need to accept and modify their systems for our country and have to discuss and review a lot in order to protect rape victims. Also, the prior thing to doing this, is rape victims should be protected and supported as the person directly involved, not as a rape victim. For the change of this perception, during all process of investigation, trial, execution, and support, the government should lead the way and the nation's continuous attention and rebuke are needed without stopping. Moreover, insulting the human rights of a suspect and the accused for protecting rape victims too much is not recommendable. Rather than considering both sides as mutually exclusive things, seeing the relation between the two is tolerable is better. So, in a way to be good for both sides, to ensure the human rights of a suspect and the accused as well as the one of a rape victim, at least we need to take a forward-looking attitude on introducing a system guaranteeing the rape victim's right of participation. At last, it is necessary to let victims know that rape is not a fact to hide and there should be political efforts to eliminate the prejudice against rape victims. Given the fact that woman social activities are increasing, but on the other hand, women are easily exposed to crime, we need to comprehend rightly the situation of victims and have to maximize the social protection and support with legal indemnification system for their recovery from being a victim.; The ultimate purpose of illegal criminal acts of Korea is not only to make sure the government's executive authority but also to be active in order to settle the conflicts between an attacker and a victim. Also, we need to understand that with the attention to victims of crime, victims should participate in the investigation and the trial is not because it is necessary to examine the truth but because it is their fundamental right. The purpose of this study is to suggest a practical direction on protection of the rights of rape victims and to show ways of supporting them. The study on rape victims in Korea has a somewhat short history, so that there are not so many studies on rape victims and an rape usually happens when the two are alone. So, a victim of crime sometimes becomes a second victim during the investigation and the trial because of severe pains. Therefore, this study is also for reviewing a system to protect the rights of rape victims. To do this, it needs to organize the practical concept, effect, and features of rape crime and examine the right of victims. Furthermore, it is natural to reach the limit of protection of rape victims. Although the course of support and protection of rape victims has developed, it is still unsatisfactory. We need to pay attention to developed countries about their systems on the protection and the course of support for rape victims. So we need to accept and modify their systems for our country and have to discuss and review a lot in order to protect rape victims. Also, the prior thing to doing this, is rape victims should be protected and supported as the person directly involved, not as a rape victim. For the change of this perception, during all process of investigation, trial, execution, and support, the government should lead the way and the nation's continuous attention and rebuke are needed without stopping. Moreover, insulting the human rights of a suspect and the accused for protecting rape victims too much is not recommendable. Rather than considering both sides as mutually exclusive things, seeing the relation between the two is tolerable is better. So, in a way to be good for both sides, to ensure the human rights of a suspect and the accused as well as the one of a rape victim, at least we need to take a forward-looking attitude on introducing a system guaranteeing the rape victim's right of participation. At last, it is necessary to let victims know that rape is not a fact to hide and there should be political efforts to eliminate the prejudice against rape victims. Given the fact that woman social activities are increasing, but on the other hand, women are easily exposed to crime, we need to comprehend rightly the situation of victims and have to maximize the social protection and support with legal indemnification system for their recovery from being a victim.