차량 간 통신과 자차기반 안전 시스템의 특성을 고려한 연쇄추돌 방지 알고리즘 설계

Abstract

차량의 고속주행 중 발생하는 추돌사고는 치사율이 높으며 연쇄추돌사고를 야기하여 대형 사고로 이어질 위험이 크다. 대부분의 전방추돌사고의 원인은 운전자의 부주의와 악천후로 인한 시계확보의 어려움으로 추돌을 피하기 위한 차간 거리를 충분히 유지하지 못하기 때문이다. 특히 운전자의 제한적인 시각 능력과, 위험상황을 판단하고 결정하는데 필요한 반응 지연시간은 고속으로 이동하는 차량의 연쇄추돌 사고에 큰 영향을 미친다. 최근 이러한 문제를 해결하고 안전한 차량의 운행조건을 제공하기 위해 자차의 주변 정보를 센서를 통해 수집하여 운전자에게 경고를 해주는 전방차량추돌경고 시스템(FVCWS)과 같은 첨단안전차량(ASV)기술 연구가 이뤄지고 있다. 하지만 이러한 시스템은 자차 위주의 안전서비스로, 전방 차량의 사고나 급정지 시 한계점을 갖고 있으며 연쇄추돌의 근본적인 원인인 운전자 반응 지연시간의 누적은 해결할 수 없다. 차량 간 통신 기술을 이용하면 전방의 수 km 앞에서의 사고 및 긴급 정보를 획득하여 운전자에게 사전경고를 제공하여 연쇄추돌을 방지할 수 있다. 하지만 차량 간 통신 기술의 특징에서 오는 정보 빈곤 현상은 차량 간 통신 기술만으로 연쇄추돌을 방지하기에는 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 자차 센서 기반의 전방차량추돌경고 시스템과, 차량 간 통신 기술을 접목한 연쇄추돌 방지 알고리즘을 제안하며, 운전자의 특성과 차량안전시스템의 특성을 고려한 시나리오 분석을 통해 연쇄추돌사고 방지 및 피해 경감 효과를 보였다.|The forward collision at high speed can cause chain collisions and high rate of mortality. Most of the forward collisions are caused by insufficient braking distance which is due to driver's inattention or bad weather. Especially the driver's limited visual capabilities and, to judge the situation and necessary to determine the risk of delay in reaction time is a chain of fast moving vehicles has a significant effect on car accident. Recently, many researches of Advanced Safety Vehicle(ASV) are done such as Forward Vehicle Collision Warning System (FVCWS) to safe operation of vehicles around the vehicle to facilitate information collected by the sensor allows the driver to warn. However, this system as a self-safety-center has some limitation which is when accident or sudden stop in front of the vehicles it can not solved the fundamental problem of the chain collision because of cumulative driver reaction time. The vehicles using vehicle-to-vehicle communication technology can prevent the chain collision by receive the warning message and the emergency information of the accident several kilometers away. In this paper, we solve the problem by analyze the typical scenario causing chain collisions, and analyzed the limitation of FVCWS of chain collisions avoidance. And we propose the algorithm to avoid the chain collision accident by merging both vehicle-to-vehicle communication and in-vehicle safety system. As a result, the characteristic of the driver and vehicle safety systems, through scenario analysis, considering the characteristic of a chain collision accident prevention and mitigation effective.; The forward collision at high speed can cause chain collisions and high rate of mortality. Most of the forward collisions are caused by insufficient braking distance which is due to driver's inattention or bad weather. Especially the driver's limited visual capabilities and, to judge the situation and necessary to determine the risk of delay in reaction time is a chain of fast moving vehicles has a significant effect on car accident. Recently, many researches of Advanced Safety Vehicle(ASV) are done such as Forward Vehicle Collision Warning System (FVCWS) to safe operation of vehicles around the vehicle to facilitate information collected by the sensor allows the driver to warn. However, this system as a self-safety-center has some limitation which is when accident or sudden stop in front of the vehicles it can not solved the fundamental problem of the chain collision because of cumulative driver reaction time. The vehicles using vehicle-to-vehicle communication technology can prevent the chain collision by receive the warning message and the emergency information of the accident several kilometers away. In this paper, we solve the problem by analyze the typical scenario causing chain collisions, and analyzed the limitation of FVCWS of chain collisions avoidance. And we propose the algorithm to avoid the chain collision accident by merging both vehicle-to-vehicle communication and in-vehicle safety system. As a result, the characteristic of the driver and vehicle safety systems, through scenario analysis, considering the characteristic of a chain collision accident prevention and mitigation effective.