임진-한탄강유역 구석기유적출토 원추형 · 양원추형석핵 연구

Abstract

본 연구는 임진-한탄강유역 구석기유적에서 출토된 원추형・양원추형석핵에 대한 연구이다. 원추형・양원추형석핵은 다른석핵들에 비해서는 상당히 정형성이 있다고 할 수 있다. 비교적 정형적인 요소를 가지고 있는 이러한 석기를 통해 이 지역의 원추형・양원추형석핵의 특징을 알아보고, 석핵제작기법의 변화 및 대상유물이 분포하는 시간적범위를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구는 임진-한탄강유역에 위치하는 횡산리, 전곡리, 가월리・주월리, 장남교, 금파리유적에서 출토된 석핵을 대상으로 하였다. 석핵들의 속성을 분석한 결과 3단계의 박리작업의 강도로 구분하였다. 물론 이러한 단계는 임의적인 것이라고 할 수 있지만 석핵의 활용율이라는 점에서는 기술적인 면을 보여주는 하나의 단서가 될 수도 있다고 판단된다. 먼저 상부층으로 갈수록 석핵의 활용도가 높아지는 것으로 확인되었다. 물론 이러한 관찰이 소수의 자료를 대상으로 하였기 때문에 다른 기술적인 측면과 관련하여 판단하여야겠지만 일단 이번연구를 통한 관찰의 결론이다. 그렇지만 이것를 임진-한탄강유역의 석기제작기술상의 차이로 보기에는 무리가 있다. 논문상에서 설정한 단계상의 차이가 뚜렷한 ‘기술’과 ‘문화’의 차이를 드러내지는 않기 때문이다. 이러한 석핵의 활용도는 크기나 무게에서도 확인된다. 비교적 상부층에서 작고 가벼운 유물이 분포하고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 이 역시 반복되는 박리작업을 통한 원추형・양원추형석핵의 기술적인 발전으로 보기는 이르다. 처음부터 작은 원석을 사용하여 박리작업을 진행했는지, 큰 원석을 계속적으로 박리해내어 작은 형태의 석핵이 남게 되었는지 확인할 수 없기 때문이다. 임진-한탄강유역에서 확인되는 원추형・양원추형석핵은 매우 소량이 확인되고 있고, 완전히 전형적인 형태로 나타나지는 않는다. 이러한 유물은 구석기시대 퇴적층 하부에서부터 확인되고 있으며, 뚜렷한 기술적인 분화를 보여주지는 않는다. 하지만 속성상의 특징을 통하여 살펴본 바 상부층에서 비교적 정형화, 소형화되는 형태로 확인되고 있어, 이 지역에서 확인되는 원추형・양원추형석핵의 변화형태는 일부 확인할 수 있었다. 더 많은 원추형・양원추형석핵과 다른 석기와의 관계 등 다양한 자료들이 축적되고 연구된다면 임진-한탄강유역 석기제작기술의 변화과정을 파악하는데 중요한 자료가 될 것으로 기대한다.

| This article investigates the conical・biconical cores excavated from the Paleolithic sites in the basin of the Imjin-Hantan River. The conical・biconical cores hold their own typified form in their shapes compared to other cores. In this article, the conical・biconical cores in this area are examined by deducing their features from their typified form. The article also identifies the time ranges of the cores as well as the changes in their producing techniques. The subjects of this investigation are the cores discovered from the remains of Heongsan-ri, Chongok-ni, Kawol-ri・Chuwol-ri, Jangnam-gyo, and Kumpa-ri which are located in the basin of the Imjin-Hantan River. The attributes of the cores are categorized by three grades in accordance with the degree of the flaking work. Even if this categorization is hypothetical, it could be a key to figuring out the technical aspect in terms of how frequently the cores were practically used. It was identified that the upper part of a sedimentary layer the cores were excavated from, the more frequently they were used. Although it should be determined in relation to other technical aspects since this observation is confined to only a small number of specimens, it is the conclusion of the observation for now throughout the investigation. However, it would be somewhat unreasonable to say that it is to be defined as a difference of the stone industry in the basin of the Imjin-Hantan River. It is because the difference between the grades set by this article does not show the difference between 'industry' and 'culture.' The frequency of practical use of the cores can be inferred from their size or weight. The upper layer the cores were excavated from, the smaller and the lighter the cores. It is premature to say, however, that it is due to the technical development of the conical・biconical cores through the repeated flaking work. That is because it is all but impossible to find out the size of the raw material from which the cores were made by flaking them. The conical・biconical cores discovered in the basin of the Imjin-Hantan River are quite small in their quantity and not completely typical in their shapes. They range from the lower part of a sedimentary layer whose artifact are recognized as those of the Paleolithic era and they do not show any obvious division of the techniques. In regard to their attributive features, however, the upper a sedimentary layer, the more typified and the smaller the cores excavated from it; therefore, the transitions of the conical・biconical cores could be identified in their shapes though being partial. Should a wide variety of data be accumulated and investigated further by means of collecting more conical・biconical cores and so on, by which their correlation with other cores could be revealed, this article would be a critical material to help grasp the changes in the stone industry of the basin of the Imjin-Hantan River.; This article investigates the conical・biconical cores excavated from the Paleolithic sites in the basin of the Imjin-Hantan River. The conical・biconical cores hold their own typified form in their shapes compared to other cores. In this article, the conical・biconical cores in this area are examined by deducing their features from their typified form. The article also identifies the time ranges of the cores as well as the changes in their producing techniques. The subjects of this investigation are the cores discovered from the remains of Heongsan-ri, Chongok-ni, Kawol-ri・Chuwol-ri, Jangnam-gyo, and Kumpa-ri which are located in the basin of the Imjin-Hantan River. The attributes of the cores are categorized by three grades in accordance with the degree of the flaking work. Even if this categorization is hypothetical, it could be a key to figuring out the technical aspect in terms of how frequently the cores were practically used. It was identified that the upper part of a sedimentary layer the cores were excavated from, the more frequently they were used. Although it should be determined in relation to other technical aspects since this observation is confined to only a small number of specimens, it is the conclusion of the observation for now throughout the investigation. However, it would be somewhat unreasonable to say that it is to be defined as a difference of the stone industry in the basin of the Imjin-Hantan River. It is because the difference between the grades set by this article does not show the difference between 'industry' and 'culture.' The frequency of practical use of the cores can be inferred from their size or weight. The upper layer the cores were excavated from, the smaller and the lighter the cores. It is premature to say, however, that it is due to the technical development of the conical・biconical cores through the repeated flaking work. That is because it is all but impossible to find out the size of the raw material from which the cores were made by flaking them. The conical・biconical cores discovered in the basin of the Imjin-Hantan River are quite small in their quantity and not completely typical in their shapes. They range from the lower part of a sedimentary layer whose artifact are recognized as those of the Paleolithic era and they do not show any obvious division of the techniques. In regard to their attributive features, however, the upper a sedimentary layer, the more typified and the smaller the cores excavated from it