유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 양육스트레스, 우울감과 어머니 효능감과의 관계

Abstract

본 연구는 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 양육스트레스, 우울감과 어머니 효능감과의 관계에 대해 알아보고자 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다.

1. 어머니의 개인적인 변인(학력, 자녀수, 수입, 직업유무 등)에 따른 양육스트레스, 우울감, 효능감에 차이가 있는가?

2. 어머니의 우울감과 양육스트레스, 효능감과의 관계는 어떠한가?

3. 어머니의 양육스트레스 정도와 우울감, 어머니 효능감에 영향을 미치는 경로는 어떠한가?

본 연구는 서울시 강남구, 동작구, 구로구, 성북구에 위치한 유치원 4곳을 임의 표집하여 그 곳에 재원중인 유아의 어머니를 대상으로 하였다. 설문지는 총 425부가 회수되었으며, 이 중 불성실하게 응답하거나 응답이 누락된 19부를 제외한 총 406명의 자료가 분석에 사용되었다.

본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 개인적인 변인에 따른 양육스트레스의 차이는 부부수입이 낮은 집단의 어머니가 다른 부부수입 집단보다 높은 양육스트레스를 나타내 보였다. 또 어머니의 개인적인 변인에 따른 우울감의 차이는 고졸 어머니가 다른 상위학력의 어머니보다 더 높은 우울감을 보였고, 부부수입이 가장 낮은 집단의 어머니가 다른 부부수입 집단보다 높은 우울감을 나타내 보였다. 어머니의 개인적인 변인에 따른 효능감의 차이에서는 전업주부인 어머니가 다른 직업의 어머니보다 더 높은 효능감을 보였다. 둘째, 어머니의 우울감과 양육스트레스와의 관계를 살펴보면, 우울집단의 어머니가 비우울집단의 어머니보다 양육스트레스가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또 어머니의 우울감과 효능감과의 관계를 살펴보면, 우울집단의 어머니가 비우울집단의 어머니보다 효능감이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니 효능감에 영향을 미치는 경로분석을 살펴본 결과, 양육스트레스 중에서 유아의 까다로운 기질이 높을수록 어머니로서의 효능감과 어머니 역할에 대한 관심과 흥미, 어머니로서의 불안과 좌절감에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 양육스트레스가 어머니 효능감에 미치는 직접적인 효과보다 우울감을 매개로 하는 간접 효과가 유의미한 수준에서 더 높음을 말해준다. 따라서 어머니의 우울감 정도가 어머니 효능감에 더 높은 관련성이 있음을 말해준다. 결론적으로, 개인변인에 따라 우울감, 양육스트레스, 효능감에 차이가 있었으며, 특히 어머니의 양육스트레스 정도에 따른 우울감이 효능감에 영향을 미쳤다. | ABSTRACT

Relationship of Stress and Depressive Symptoms to Maternal Efficacy among Mothers with Children in Early Childhood

Kim, Mi Yeon Major in Early Childhood Education The Graduate School of Education Hanyang University

The following research questions were posed to determine the impact of the depressive symptoms of mothers with children in infancy on efficacy of the mother in association with their stress:

1. Are there any differences among mothers in stress, depressive symptoms and efficacy of the mother according to their personal variables involving academic credential, the number of child, income and employment?

2. What is the relationship between the depressive symptoms and stress, efficacy of mothers?

3. What is the route by which the stress and depressive symptoms of mothers affect their maternal efficacy?

The subjects in this study were the mothers whose children attended four different kindergartens that were selected by random sampling from Gangnam-gu, Dongjak-gu, Guro-gu and Seongbook-gu, Seoul. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 425 mothers were gathered, and the answer sheets from 406 respondents were analyzed except for 19 ones that weren't complete or included unfaithful answers.

The findings of the study were as follows: First, concerning gaps in stress according to the personal variables, the group of mothers whose household income was smaller was more stressed out than the other group of mothers whose household income was larger. As for differences in depressive symptoms according to the personal variables, the mothers who were high-school graduates suffered more depressive symptoms than the others with the other academic background, and those whose household income was smallest had more depressive symptoms than the others whose household income was not lowest. Regarding gaps in efficacy of the mother according to the personal variables, the stay-at-home mothers excelled the working mothers in that aspect. Second, as to connections between depressive symptoms and stress, the group of mothers who suffered depressive symptoms was under heavier stress than the others who didn't. In terms of links between depressive symptoms and efficacy of the mother, the group of mothers who had depressive symptoms lagged behind the other group of mothers who didn't in that aspect. Third, as a result of making a path analysis of the influential factors for maternal efficacy, more stress about the picky temperament of the preschoolers had a greater direct impact on maternal efficacy, maternal interest, maternal anxiety and maternal frustration. It denoted that stress exerted a larger indirect significant influence on maternal efficacy through depressive symptoms in comparison with its direct impact, and that the depressive symptoms of the mothers had a closer relationship to their maternal efficacy. In conclusion, there were differences in depressive symptoms, stress and efficacy of the mother according to the personal variables, and depressive symptoms that depended on stress had an impact on efficacy as well.; ABSTRACT

Relationship of Stress and Depressive Symptoms to Maternal Efficacy among Mothers with Children in Early Childhood

Kim, Mi Yeon Major in Early Childhood Education The Graduate School of Education Hanyang University

The following research questions were posed to determine the impact of the depressive symptoms of mothers with children in infancy on efficacy of the mother in association with their stress:

1. Are there any differences among mothers in stress, depressive symptoms and efficacy of the mother according to their personal variables involving academic credential, the number of child, income and employment?

2. What is the relationship between the depressive symptoms and stress, efficacy of mothers?

3. What is the route by which the stress and depressive symptoms of mothers affect their maternal efficacy?

The subjects in this study were the mothers whose children attended four different kindergartens that were selected by random sampling from Gangnam-gu, Dongjak-gu, Guro-gu and Seongbook-gu, Seoul. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 425 mothers were gathered, and the answer sheets from 406 respondents were analyzed except for 19 ones that weren't complete or included unfaithful answers.

The findings of the study were as follows: First, concerning gaps in stress according to the personal variables, the group of mothers whose household income was smaller was more stressed out than the other group of mothers whose household income was larger. As for differences in depressive symptoms according to the personal variables, the mothers who were high-school graduates suffered more depressive symptoms than the others with the other academic background, and those whose household income was smallest had more depressive symptoms than the others whose household income was not lowest. Regarding gaps in efficacy of the mother according to the personal variables, the stay-at-home mothers excelled the working mothers in that aspect. Second, as to connections between depressive symptoms and stress, the group of mothers who suffered depressive symptoms was under heavier stress than the others who didn't. In terms of links between depressive symptoms and efficacy of the mother, the group of mothers who had depressive symptoms lagged behind the other group of mothers who didn't in that aspect. Third, as a result of making a path analysis of the influential factors for maternal efficacy, more stress about the picky temperament of the preschoolers had a greater direct impact on maternal efficacy, maternal interest, maternal anxiety and maternal frustration. It denoted that stress exerted a larger indirect significant influence on maternal efficacy through depressive symptoms in comparison with its direct impact, and that the depressive symptoms of the mothers had a closer relationship to their maternal efficacy. In conclusion, there were differences in depressive symptoms, stress and efficacy of the mother according to the personal variables, and depressive symptoms that depended on stress had an impact on efficacy as well.