해방직후 채만식 소설 연구

Abstract

우리 민족에게 있어 8․ 15 해방은 36년이라는 암흑 같은 일제의 통치에서 벗어나 억압으로부터 자유로워질 수 있게 된 의미 있는 역사적 사건이다. 민족 분단의 비극과 청산되지 못한 식민지적 모순이 오늘날까지 우리 민족의 삶에 영향을 미치고 있다는 점에서 해방의 역사적 의미는 크다. 해방의 역사적 의미와 삶의 모습이 생생하게 반영된 문학의 연구는 오늘의 현실적 입장에서 볼 때 꾸준하게 연구되어야 한다. 해방직후 많은 문인들이 일정한 정치세력과 관련을 맺었던 것에 비해, 채만식은 문단적 대립 현상 자체에 대해 극히 비판적인 태도를 지니고 있었기 때문에 어떤 정치 단체에도 가담하지 않았다. 이런 부분은 그가 다른 문인들과는 달리 현실에 대한 뚜렷한 의식 위에서 문학 활동이 이루어질 수 있었음을 말한다. 그러나 일부 연구들이 해방직후 채만식 소설을 풍자의 기법으로 접근하여 연구하였고, 풍자성이 약화 되었다는 부정적 평가를 하였다. 그러나 채만식은 풍자 기법 이외에도 다양한 문학적 기법을 사용하였다. 따라서 해방직후 채만식 소설을 통해 그가 인식한 해방직후 현실 문제를 소설에 형상화시키는데 사용한 다양한 서사기법에 주목하여 소설에서 서사기법이 현실의 형상화를 위해 어떻게 사용되고 있는지 분석하는 것이 본고의 목적이다. 채만식은 해방이 되어도 친일 잔재가 청산되지 않고 외세에 의해 점령된 현실이나, 되풀이 되는 역사에 희생을 당하는 모순된 현실을 소설에 형상화하기 위하여 풍자기법을 사용하였고, 소설의 객관성과 진정성을 확보하기 위하여 자전적 기법을 사용하여 자기반성과 자기비판을 시도하여 현실에 대한 비판적 인식을 소설에 형상화 하였다. 또한 비극적 현실을 극복하기 위하여 역사의 전망을 모색하고 민족의 진로를 제시하기 위하여 알레고리기법을 사용하였다. 문학사에 있어서 해방 직후 채만식 소설은 해방직후의 현실을 포괄적인 시각으로 포착하여 소설에 형상화시켰다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. 채만식은 해방 직후 표면적으로 보이는 혼란스러운 현실뿐만 아니라 사회의 총체적인 구조를 진단하여 소설에 형상화시켰다. 이처럼 채만식은 해방 직후의 현실 문제를 폭넓고 다양하게 인식하였고 이를 소설에 형상화시키기 위해서 다양한 서사기법을 사용하였다. | The Korean liberation (August 5, 1945) is a meaningful historical event which made our nation free from the 36-years-long colonial rule of Japan. The significance of the liberation is large because the lives of our nation has been influenced by the tragic national devision and the unliquidated contradiction of colony. In recent practical point of view, the study in literature is to be kept because it reflects the historical meaning of the liberation and actual living. In contrast to the fact that many writers had been related to some political force after the liberation, ChaeMansik did not join any political group since he had extraordinary critical attitude in the literary conflict itself. It shows that his literary activities had done on the exclusive consciousness of reality. However, some studies have approached to post-liberation short stories of ChaeMansik in terms of satirical technique and concluded negatively that his sarcasm had weakened. Nevertheless, ChaeMansik used various literary techniques other than satires. Thus, this paper aims to analyze how epic techniques are used to represent reality in short stories focusing on the various epic techniques that ChaeMansik used to represent his recognition on the phonomena of post-liberation. ChaeMansik used satires to represent the contradict reality being victimized by repeated history and the reality of being colonized by foreign force. He also tried self-criticism and self-reflection and represented his critical recognition of reality using autobiographical technique to secure objectivity and authenticity of novels. Furthermore, he used allegory technique to present the direction of our nation and sought perspective of history to overcome the tragic reality. Post-liberation short stories of ChaeMansik is significant in the point that he represented the reality right after the liberation in a comprehensive look. ChaeMansik also represented the general structure of society in addition to the superficial confusing reality after liberation in his novels. ChaeMansik recognized the reality after liberation in a expansive and varied way and used various epic techniques.; The Korean liberation (August 5, 1945) is a meaningful historical event which made our nation free from the 36-years-long colonial rule of Japan. The significance of the liberation is large because the lives of our nation has been influenced by the tragic national devision and the unliquidated contradiction of colony. In recent practical point of view, the study in literature is to be kept because it reflects the historical meaning of the liberation and actual living. In contrast to the fact that many writers had been related to some political force after the liberation, ChaeMansik did not join any political group since he had extraordinary critical attitude in the literary conflict itself. It shows that his literary activities had done on the exclusive consciousness of reality. However, some studies have approached to post-liberation short stories of ChaeMansik in terms of satirical technique and concluded negatively that his sarcasm had weakened. Nevertheless, ChaeMansik used various literary techniques other than satires. Thus, this paper aims to analyze how epic techniques are used to represent reality in short stories focusing on the various epic techniques that ChaeMansik used to represent his recognition on the phonomena of post-liberation. ChaeMansik used satires to represent the contradict reality being victimized by repeated history and the reality of being colonized by foreign force. He also tried self-criticism and self-reflection and represented his critical recognition of reality using autobiographical technique to secure objectivity and authenticity of novels. Furthermore, he used allegory technique to present the direction of our nation and sought perspective of history to overcome the tragic reality. Post-liberation short stories of ChaeMansik is significant in the point that he represented the reality right after the liberation in a comprehensive look. ChaeMansik also represented the general structure of society in addition to the superficial confusing reality after liberation in his novels. ChaeMansik recognized the reality after liberation in a expansive and varied way and used various epic techniques.