사회적자본과 소방조직의 업무적 특성이 도시재난관리에 미치는 영향

Abstract

물리적 취약성의 양상을 나타내었다. 이러한 재난의 발생요소인 위험의 누적성은 도시재난의 근본적인 원인으로 귀결되기에 도시의 재난은 지역적인 재난관리 방식과 차별화 되는 도시재난관리의 방식이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 도시재난관리에 미치는 영향요인을 민⋅ 관 및 공공부문의 참여적 매개체인 사회적자본과 소방조직의 업무적 특성을 연구의 변인으로 하였다. 따라서 도시재난관리에 영향을 미치는 사회적자본과 소방조직의 업무적 특성을 도출하기 위하여 연구의 대상을 서울특별시 5개 자치구인 서초구, 송파구, 마포구, 도봉구, 광진구를 선정하여 다음과 같은 주된 연구목적으로 연구 진행을 하고자 하였다. 첫째, 사회적자본과 소방조직의 업무적 특성이 도시재난관리에 미치는 영향 요인의 측정지표를 설정하여 도시재난 접근의 인식에 대한 항목을 재난과 관련한 문헌 비교분석을 통하여 설정하고자 한다. 둘째, 사회적자본과 소방조직의 업무적 특성 및 도시재난관리에 대하여 자치구 관할 소방서별로 관심도인 인식차이를 분석하고자 한다. 셋째, 연구변수에 대한 사전적 타당성 검증을 실시한 후 다중회귀 분석을 통하여 어떠한 독립변수가 도시재난관리 영향에 미치는지를 분석하고자 한다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 기술통계에서는 분석을 통하여 나타는 평균값을 통하여 자치구 관할 소방서의 주요 관심도 항목을 분석하고자 하였다. 자치구별 위험요인 특성을 기준으로 하여 자치구 5개 구(區)를 강남 지역인 포함된 고층건축물 및 종합 업무지구가 밀집된 송파구, 서초구, 마포구를 합계로 하였고, 일반주거 및 상업지역의 밀집지역 인 도봉구 및 광진구를 합계로 하여 두 가지로 구분하였으며 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 재난관리에 대한 의사결정인 참여와 네트워크는 서초, 송파, 마포 자치구가 참여와 네트워크에 대한 관심이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 소방조직의 업무적 특성에 대한 관심도 또한 송파, 서초 , 마포 자치구 관할 소방서의 관심이 높게 나타났으며, 재난관리연계성과 구조⋅ 재난의료연계성은 서초, 송파, 마포 자치구가 구조⋅ 재난의료 연계성에 관심도를 보이고, 도봉, 광진 자치구 관할 자치구 합산은 재난관리연계성에 높은 관심도를 나타냈다. 둘째, 사회적자본과 소방조직의 업무적 특성이 도시재난관리에 미치는지를 분석한 결과, 사회적자본이 참여와 네트워크는 재난관리연계성에 유의미한 영향을 보여주었지만, 네트워크는 구조⋅ 재난의료연계성에 통계적의 유의미한영향이 나타나지 않았다. 또 다른 영향요인인 소방조직의 업무적 특성인 전문성과 규제성은 재난관리연계성과 구조⋅ 재난의료연계성에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 규제성은 도시재난관리 연계에 큰 영향력을 준다는 것을 알 수 있다. 소방력은 소방조직의 업무적 특성에서 중요한 요인으로 작용하는 인식에도 불구하고 본 연구에선 통계적으로 유의미한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 종합적으로 살펴보면, 소방조직의 업무적 특성과 별개의 인식으로 받아들여지고 있는 사회적자본의 구성요소인 참여, 네트워크가 도시재난관리연계에 영향의 요인으로 작용하였다는 점은 의미를 부여할 수 있다. 또한 현장기능 중심과 기술행정으로 구성된 상설재난관리 조직인 각 자치구별 관할 소방서는 현장요소에 부합되는 조직의 업무적 특성으로는 전문성, 리더십, 규제성의 요인이 사회적 자본인 참여, 네트워크와 함께 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.|City constitute comprehensive system as a capital-place function manage state such as politics, economy, and science, and in addition to a place of enjoying cultural benefits. Like this, in process compose for urban center, city make offer cause of occurring urban disaster, as generating social&physical weakness. In the process of economic growth in the past with realistic risk, such as a reason of cause for urban disaster was planned for the sake of urban development policy disregarded stability concerned with cause of disaster, and then genesis of the rapid urbanization situation was took on the aspect of social and physical weakness was built high-density space including population, dwelling, structure, and land in for progressing urban state formation. It need to the way of urban disaster management could differentiated with local way because the danger superfetation as an occurring requisite is concluded fundamental cause for urban disaster. Therefore, on this study as effect factors, social capital and feature on task in fire fighting organization as an attentive vehicle in a private & government and public sector had a variable. Thus, the study made process as a representative 5 autonomous district in seoul such as Seo-cho, Song-pa, Ma-po, Do-bong, Gwang-jin to deduct. The main researching object is as follows. First, it make establish measurement indicator of influencing factors that social capital and work characteristics of fire fighting organization affect to urban disaster management, and then try to take the article of approaching realization as doing comparative analysis for literature related disaster. Second, for social capital, work characteristics of fire fighting organization, and urban disaster management, it try to analyse attentive difference in autonomous district controlling fire station. Third, after accomplishing to verify priori validity about research variable, it try to analyse which autonomous variable affects to urban disaster management. As a results of research, produced results as follows. First, in descriptive statistic, it try to analyse main attentive article in autonomous district controlling fire station as average. Thus, it made risk features in autonomous district was a standard, to get sum 5 autonomous district was concentrated high-rise building and central business district including Gang-nam, such as Song-pa, Seo-cho, Ma-po, and to get sum also ordinary residential area and commercial area such as Do-bong and Gwang-jin, and then the results appeared like that. The interests of participation and network as a decision making about disaster management was appeared highly in Seo-cho, Song-pa, Ma-po district, and also work characteristics of fire fighting organization was interested highly by Song-pa, Seo-cho, Ma-po autonomous district, in addition to connectivity of rescue and disaster medical treatment was higher interested Seo-cho, Song-pa, Ma-po, and lastly the connectivity of disaster management also was appeared high interest in Do-bong, and Gwang-jin autonomous district. Second, the results of analysing on the effects that social capital and work characteristics of fire fighting organization affected urban disaster management, social capital was shown significant effects that participation and network affected the connectivity of disaster management, but network didn't appear statistically to the connectivity of rescue and disaster medical tretment. On the other effect factor, professionalism and regulation as a feature on fire fighting task was turned up the connectivity of disaster management and rescue&disaster medical treatment. Especially, regulation was known for profound impact to the connectivity of urban disaster management. The power of fire fighting didn't have meaningful effects statistically on this study, despite awareness that it worked important factors on the work characteristics of fire fighting organization. Overall the results of research, it could impart a meaning that participation and network was component of social capital affected the effects of the connectivity of urban disaster management in spite of separate realization with work characteristics of fire fighting. Furthermore, in each fire station on the controlling autonomous district as a permanent disaster management organization was composed the center of field function and technical administration, it was appeared the factor such as professionalism, leadership, and regulation accord with field elements as work characteristics of organization affected participation and network as a social capital.; City constitute comprehensive system as a capital-place function manage state such as politics, economy, and science, and in addition to a place of enjoying cultural benefits. Like this, in process compose for urban center, city make offer cause of occurring urban disaster, as generating social&physical weakness. In the process of economic growth in the past with realistic risk, such as a reason of cause for urban disaster was planned for the sake of urban development policy disregarded stability concerned with cause of disaster, and then genesis of the rapid urbanization situation was took on the aspect of social and physical weakness was built high-density space including population, dwelling, structure, and land in for progressing urban state formation. It need to the way of urban disaster management could differentiated with local way because the danger superfetation as an occurring requisite is concluded fundamental cause for urban disaster. Therefore, on this study as effect factors, social capital and feature on task in fire fighting organization as an attentive vehicle in a private & government and public sector had a variable. Thus, the study made process as a representative 5 autonomous district in seoul such as Seo-cho, Song-pa, Ma-po, Do-bong, Gwang-jin to deduct. The main researching object is as follows. First, it make establish measurement indicator of influencing factors that social capital and work characteristics of fire fighting organization affect to urban disaster management, and then try to take the article of approaching realization as doing comparative analysis for literature related disaster. Second, for social capital, work characteristics of fire fighting organization, and urban disaster management, it try to analyse attentive difference in autonomous district controlling fire station. Third, after accomplishing to verify priori validity about research variable, it try to analyse which autonomous variable affects to urban disaster management. As a results of research, produced results as follows. First, in descriptive statistic, it try to analyse main attentive article in autonomous district controlling fire station as average. Thus, it made risk features in autonomous district was a standard, to get sum 5 autonomous district was concentrated high-rise building and central business district including Gang-nam, such as Song-pa, Seo-cho, Ma-po, and to get sum also ordinary residential area and commercial area such as Do-bong and Gwang-jin, and then the results appeared like that. The interests of participation and network as a decision making about disaster management was appeared highly in Seo-cho, Song-pa, Ma-po district, and also work characteristics of fire fighting organization was interested highly by Song-pa, Seo-cho, Ma-po autonomous district, in addition to connectivity of rescue and disaster medical treatment was higher interested Seo-cho, Song-pa, Ma-po, and lastly the connectivity of disaster management also was appeared high interest in Do-bong, and Gwang-jin autonomous district. Second, the results of analysing on the effects that social capital and work characteristics of fire fighting organization affected urban disaster management, social capital was shown significant effects that participation and network affected the connectivity of disaster management, but network didn't appear statistically to the connectivity of rescue and disaster medical tretment. On the other effect factor, professionalism and regulation as a feature on fire fighting task was turned up the connectivity of disaster management and rescue&disaster medical treatment. Especially, regulation was known for profound impact to the connectivity of urban disaster management. The power of fire fighting didn't have meaningful effects statistically on this study, despite awareness that it worked important factors on the work characteristics of fire fighting organization. Overall the results of research, it could impart a meaning that participation and network was component of social capital affected the effects of the connectivity of urban disaster management in spite of separate realization with work characteristics of fire fighting. Furthermore, in each fire station on the controlling autonomous district as a permanent disaster management organization was composed the center of field function and technical administration, it was appeared the factor such as professionalism, leadership, and regulation accord with field elements as work characteristics of organization affected participation and network as a social capital.; 도시는 국가체제를 운영하는 정치, 경제, 과학의 중심지로서의 기능과 문화적인 혜택을 누릴 수 있도록 하는 공간으로서 종합적인 체제를 구성하고 있다. 이렇듯 도시는 체제의 중심체를 구성하는 과정에서 사회⋅ 물리적 취약성 이라는 현상을 만들어내며 도시재난 발생의 원인을 제공한다. 이와 같은 도시재난의 원인은 현실적 위험요소와 함께 과거 경제성장의 과정에서 재난의 원인과 관련한 안정성을 도외시한 도시개발 위주 정책으로 계획이 되면서 급속한 종주도시화 현상의 발생 과정은 도시체제의 형성에 따른 과정에서 인구 및 주거지, 건축물, 토지의 고밀도 공간이 형성되면서 사회&#8901