치매노인 부양자의 특성과 삶의 질에 관한 연구

Abstract

본 연구는 고령화 사회로 인한 치매노인 증가로 부양자의 부양부담에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고 부양부담을 줄이고자 치매에 대한 이해도를 높이고, 치매노인 부양자의 안정된 생활과 가족 간의 갈등해소, 사회적 지지를 통하여 부양자의 삶의 질을 높이는 하나의 기초자료로 쓰이고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 할당표본 추출 방법으로 서울특별시 성동구, 종로구, 광진구, 송파구에 위치한 종합병원 치매센터 외래와 노인 복지관, 종합사회복지관의 치매주간보호센터를 이용하는 치매노인 부양자 150명 대상으로 설문 조사하였으며, 조사기간은 2012년 5월8일부터 5월20일까지 12일 동안 실시하였다. 본 연구결과를 도출하기 위해, SPSS Win 18 프로그램을 사용하여 실증분석 하였고, 조사도구 신뢰성을 확인하기 위해 Cronbach’s Alpha를 측정하여 예측가능성과 정확성을 보았으며 부양자의 특성이 삶의 질에 영향이 있는지 확인하기 위해 요인 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 응답자인 부양자의 인구사회학적 요인과 부양자의 특성을 살펴보기 위해 빈도분석, 치매노인 부양자의 특성과 삶의 질의 요인별 기술통계분석을 실시하였다. 인구사회학적 요인과 삶의 질에 차이를 보기위해 t검증분석방법과 일원변량분석(One way Anova)을 실시하였으며, 부양자의 특성과 삶의 질과의 상관관계를 살펴보기 위해 상관분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 독립변수인 치매이해도, 가족탄력성, 사회적 지지가 종속변수인 삶에 질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 분석결과를 간단히 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부양자의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 분석 결과 치매이해도는 영향이 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났고, 가족 탄력성과 사회적 지지는 비교적 높은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.. 둘째, 부양자의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 삶의 차이를 살펴보면, 성별, 연령, 학력, 종교, 소득, 돌봄 기간에 따라 유의미한 차이가 없다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 본 연구결과를 종합적으로 살펴보면, 독립변수인 부양자의 특성이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향에서는 치매의 이해도는 영향이 없었으며, 가족 탄력성과 사회적 지지에는 삶의 질에 영향력이 크다는 것을 알 수 있다. 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 삶의 차이는 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 부양자의 삶의 영향을 미치는 가족 탄력성과 사회적 지지는 개인의 문제가 아닌 사회문제로 보아 계속적인 지지체계가 이루어져 점점 고령 사회로 가는 현실에서 부양자의 심리적, 경제적지원이 제도적 차원의 협조가 필요함을 보여주고 있다.|As it understands factors to influence burden of caregivers because of increasing the number of the dementia elders in aged society and reduces the burden of caregivers, this study has a purpose as a basic data for upgrading quality of life, by increasing comprehension of dementia, resolving conflicts between families and stable life for caregivers of the elderly with dementia, and supporting socially. For that, this study surveyed 150 caregivers for the elderly with dementia, who used outpatient of dementia center at general hospital and dementia daycare service center in Seongdong-gu, Jongno-gu, Gwangjin-gu, and Songpa-gu in Seoul for 12 days from May 8th, 2012 to May 20th, 2012. As deducing the results of this study, it used SPSS Win 18 program for empirical analysis. For checking credibility of research tool, this study measured Cronbach’s Alpha to see predictability and accuracy. This study operated factorial analysis to check whether characteristics of caregivers could influence quality of life. Also, for researching demographic factors and characteristics of caregivers as answering people, this study operated frequency analysis and technical statistical analysis of each factor for characteristics and quality of life about caregivers for the elderly with dementia. For researching difference between demographic factors and quality of life, this study operated t-test and One-Way Anova. For looking at correlation between characteristics and quality of life of caregivers, this study operated correlation analysis. This study operated regression analysis to research effects how independent factors that understanding dementia, elasticity of family, and social supports affect quality of life as a dependent factor. The results of this study are summarized as following. First, as the result of effects of life quality of caregivers, understanding dementia could not have effect and elasticity of family and social supports showed high effect relatively. Second, looking at differences of life following demographic characteristics of caregivers, this study found that there were not meaningful differences from gender, age, education level, religion, income level, and caring period. As looking at results of this study generally, in effect of characteristics of caregivers to influence life quality as an independent factor, understanding dementia could not influence effect and elasticity of family and social supports could hugely influence life quality. Life differences from demographic characteristics did not show meaningful differences. It is possible that elasticity of family and social supports that could influence life quality of caregivers is considered as not individual problem but social problem. Therefore, political supports for caregivers such as psychological and economical supports should be needed in this more aged society, constructing continuous support systems.; As it understands factors to influence burden of caregivers because of increasing the number of the dementia elders in aged society and reduces the burden of caregivers, this study has a purpose as a basic data for upgrading quality of life, by increasing comprehension of dementia, resolving conflicts between families and stable life for caregivers of the elderly with dementia, and supporting socially. For that, this study surveyed 150 caregivers for the elderly with dementia, who used outpatient of dementia center at general hospital and dementia daycare service center in Seongdong-gu, Jongno-gu, Gwangjin-gu, and Songpa-gu in Seoul for 12 days from May 8th, 2012 to May 20th, 2012. As deducing the results of this study, it used SPSS Win 18 program for empirical analysis. For checking credibility of research tool, this study measured Cronbach’s Alpha to see predictability and accuracy. This study operated factorial analysis to check whether characteristics of caregivers could influence quality of life. Also, for researching demographic factors and characteristics of caregivers as answering people, this study operated frequency analysis and technical statistical analysis of each factor for characteristics and quality of life about caregivers for the elderly with dementia. For researching difference between demographic factors and quality of life, this study operated t-test and One-Way Anova. For looking at correlation between characteristics and quality of life of caregivers, this study operated correlation analysis. This study operated regression analysis to research effects how independent factors that understanding dementia, elasticity of family, and social supports affect quality of life as a dependent factor. The results of this study are summarized as following. First, as the result of effects of life quality of caregivers, understanding dementia could not have effect and elasticity of family and social supports showed high effect relatively. Second, looking at differences of life following demographic characteristics of caregivers, this study found that there were not meaningful differences from gender, age, education level, religion, income level, and caring period. As looking at results of this study generally, in effect of characteristics of caregivers to influence life quality as an independent factor, understanding dementia could not influence effect and elasticity of family and social supports could hugely influence life quality. Life differences from demographic characteristics did not show meaningful differences. It is possible that elasticity of family and social supports that could influence life quality of caregivers is considered as not individual problem but social problem. Therefore, political supports for caregivers such as psychological and economical supports should be needed in this more aged society, constructing continuous support systems.