화투를 통한 미술치료가 치매환자의 인지기능 향상에 미치는 효과

Abstract

국 문 초 록

본 연구는 화투를 다양한 기법으로 적용하여 치매 환자의 인지기능 향상에 미치는 효과를 알아보는데 그 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 대상은 성남시에 위치한 K요양원에 입소한 환자로서, 신경과 전문의가 치매로 진단한 53세 이상인 자, K-MMSE 점수가 19점 이하인 자, 미술치료활동에 가능한 자들로 총 4명을 선정하여, 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하였다.

첫째, 화투를 통한 미술치료가 치매환자의 지남력 향상에 미치는 효과는 어떠한가? 둘째, 화투를 통한 미술치료가 치매환자의 기억력 향상에 미치는 효과는 어 떠한가? 셋째, 화투를 통한 미술치료가 치매환자의 주의집중력 및 계산능력 향상에 미치는 효과는 어떠한가? 넷째, 화투를 통한 미술치료가 치매환자의 언어력 향상에 미치는 효과는 어 떠한가? 다섯째, 화투를 통한 미술치료가 치매환자의 시각적 구성 능력 향상에 미치 는 효과는 어떠한가?

이와 같이 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 2011년 5월 30일부터 9월 26일까지 주 1회(6월과 7월은 셋째, 넷째 주 월요일, 금요일 주2회) 월요일 오후 3시에서 4시까지 총 22회기를 K요양원 내 프로그램실에서 화투를 통한 미술치료를 실시하였다.

본 연구의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 측정도구로는 강연욱, 나덕렬, 한승혜(1997)가 한국 실정에 맞게 표준화한 K-MMSE(Korean Mini-Mental State Examination)를 사용하였으며, 검사결과 합계점수 평균이 사전검사 12.75, 사후검사 18.75로 변화하였다. 수집된 자료는 사전 사후 K-MMSE의 기술통계량으로 분석하였으며, 그 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.

첫째, 화투를 통한 미술치료가 치매환자의 지남력 향상에 미치는 효과는 지남력 하위영역인 시간의 평균점수는 사전 검사 1.00에서 사후검사 2.50으로 변화가 있었고, 장소에는 사전검사 시 2.75에서 사후검사 시 3.50로 증가하여 지남력 향상에 변화를 가져왔다.

둘째, 화투를 통한 미술치료가 치매환자의 기억력 향상에 미치는 효과는 기억등록은 사전, 사후검사 2.25로 변화가 없었고, 기억회상은 사전검사 시 0.50에서 사후검사 시 1. 00으로 증가하여 기억력 향상에 변화를 가져왔다.

셋째, 화투를 통한 미술치료가 치매환자의 주의집중 및 계산 능력 향상에 미치는 효과는 사전검사 0.25에서 사후검사 1.25로 증가하여 주의집중력 및 계산능력 향상에 변화를 가져왔다.

넷째, 화투를 통한 미술치료가 치매환자의 언어력 향상에 미치는 효과는 사전검사 5.75에서 사후검사 7.25로 증가하여 언어력향상에 변화를 가져왔다.

다섯 째, 화투를 통한 미술치료가 치매환자의 시각적 구성 능력 향상에 미치는 효과는 사전검사 0.25에서 사후검사 1.00로 증가하여 시각적 구성능력향상에 변화를 가져왔다.

또한 본 연구의 효과 검증을 위하여 질적 검사로 김재은, 여광응 등이 표준화 한 인물화(Draw-A-Man-Test)에 의한 간편 지능검사를 실시하여 비교 분석한 바, 참여자 대부분 사전 검사에서는 전체적으로 인물이 공중에 떠있는 것 같거나, 몸이 잘리고, 초상화처럼 그려졌고, 상체에 비중을 두어 전체의 비례에 크게 그려졌으며, 눈, 코, 입이 분명치 않고 선이 끊어지고, 음영이 있었다. 사후 검사에서는 대체적으로 몸 전체를 표현하고, 인물화의 크기, 벌리고 있는 다리의 간격, 발의 모양, 손가락, 웃고 있는 표정 등등 사전검사에 비해 인지하고 있었던 부분들에 대하여 훨씬 안정적이고 편안한 모습들로 표현되었다. 따라서 이상의 연구결과를 종합하면, 화투를 통한 미술치료는 치매환자의 인지기능이 보다 향상되었고, 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나 화투를 통한 미술치료 프로그램이 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.|ABSTRACT

The effect of Art therapy with Whatu to the cognitive function of old dementia patient.

Song, Haeng Ja Department of Art Therapy Graduate school of Innovation Hanyang University.

This research sets up a few clinical experiences with Hwatu as below in order to find out the cognitive function development of the dementia patients by Hwatu art therapy.

The first, how does the Hwatu art therapy improve the disorientation of time and place of the dementia patients? The second, how does the Hwatu art therapy improve the memory of the dementia patients? The third, how does the Hwatu art therapy improve the attention cathexis and count ability of the dementia patients? The fourth, how does the Hwatu art therapy improve the language ability of the dementia patients? The fifth, how does the Hwatu art therapy improve visual construction of the dementia patients?

On these purposes, four dementia patients, hospitalized in K nursing home in Soengnam-Si, are selected. All of them are definite dementia patients who make between 6 to 19 points by Korean Mini-mental State Examination (K-MMSE), standardized examination with actual Korean state by Kang Yeon Wook, Na Deok Ryeol, Han Seong Hye. Before and after the clinical experiences, the Goodenough Draw-A-Man test, standardized with actual Korean state by Kim Jae Eon, Yoe Kwang Eong and etc. had been made in order to verify the effect of Hwatu art therapy and analyse the qualitative value of research. The conclusions of this research are as below.

The first, there is significance improvement of disorientation of time and place of the dementia patients by Hwatu art therapy. The test result of disorientation of time, subordinate field of disorientation disorder, had been improved from 1.00 of preliminary test to 2.50 of post test. The test result of disorientation of place, the other subordinate field of disorientation disorder, had been improved from 2.75 to 3.50. The second, there is also significance improvement of memory of the dementia patients by Hwatu art therapy. The test result of connecting ability between memory registration and memory recall had been improved 0.50 of preliminary test to 1.00 of post test. The third, there is also significance improvement of the attention cathexis and count ability of the dementia patients by Hwatu art therapy. The test result had been improved from 0.25 of the prelimanary test to 1.25 of post test. The fourth, there is significance improvement of the language ability of the dementia patients by Hwatu art therapy. The test result had been improved from 5.75 of the preliminary test to 7.25 of post test. The fifth, there is also significance improvement of the visual construction of the dementia patients by Hwatu art therapy. The test result had been improved from 0.25 of the preliminary test to 1.00 of post test.

Moreover, there is also substantial improvement in the Goodenough Draw-A-Man test. At first, the most of patients drew a man in various defective ways, such as floating body in the air, inadequate body or a portrait. In addition, the pictures are not drawn proportional at all that upper body is overly bigger than lower body. The outer lines are barely connected that the eyes, nose and mouth are not clearly distinguished. The atmosphere is heavy and strict with shadow and shade. But there are much more comfortable and stable mood on the post test pictures. Most patients drew all the part of the body with proper proportion such as width between the two feet, shape and size of the feet and hands and etc. This result means that the patients who took a part of this clinical experience had cognized the environment and the patient himself and also made good use of those informations. As a conclusion, this research verifies that Hwatu art therapy can improve the cognitive functions of the dementia patients and also affect positive influence on the all areas of the patients.; ABSTRACT

The effect of Art therapy with Whatu to the cognitive function of old dementia patient.

Song, Haeng Ja Department of Art Therapy Graduate school of Innovation Hanyang University.

This research sets up a few clinical experiences with Hwatu as below in order to find out the cognitive function development of the dementia patients by Hwatu art therapy.

The first, how does the Hwatu art therapy improve the disorientation of time and place of the dementia patients? The second, how does the Hwatu art therapy improve the memory of the dementia patients? The third, how does the Hwatu art therapy improve the attention cathexis and count ability of the dementia patients? The fourth, how does the Hwatu art therapy improve the language ability of the dementia patients? The fifth, how does the Hwatu art therapy improve visual construction of the dementia patients?

On these purposes, four dementia patients, hospitalized in K nursing home in Soengnam-Si, are selected. All of them are definite dementia patients who make between 6 to 19 points by Korean Mini-mental State Examination (K-MMSE), standardized examination with actual Korean state by Kang Yeon Wook, Na Deok Ryeol, Han Seong Hye. Before and after the clinical experiences, the Goodenough Draw-A-Man test, standardized with actual Korean state by Kim Jae Eon, Yoe Kwang Eong and etc. had been made in order to verify the effect of Hwatu art therapy and analyse the qualitative value of research. The conclusions of this research are as below.

The first, there is significance improvement of disorientation of time and place of the dementia patients by Hwatu art therapy. The test result of disorientation of time, subordinate field of disorientation disorder, had been improved from 1.00 of preliminary test to 2.50 of post test. The test result of disorientation of place, the other subordinate field of disorientation disorder, had been improved from 2.75 to 3.50. The second, there is also significance improvement of memory of the dementia patients by Hwatu art therapy. The test result of connecting ability between memory registration and memory recall had been improved 0.50 of preliminary test to 1.00 of post test. The third, there is also significance improvement of the attention cathexis and count ability of the dementia patients by Hwatu art therapy. The test result had been improved from 0.25 of the prelimanary test to 1.25 of post test. The fourth, there is significance improvement of the language ability of the dementia patients by Hwatu art therapy. The test result had been improved from 5.75 of the preliminary test to 7.25 of post test. The fifth, there is also significance improvement of the visual construction of the dementia patients by Hwatu art therapy. The test result had been improved from 0.25 of the preliminary test to 1.00 of post test.

Moreover, there is also substantial improvement in the Goodenough Draw-A-Man test. At first, the most of patients drew a man in various defective ways, such as floating body in the air, inadequate body or a portrait. In addition, the pictures are not drawn proportional at all that upper body is overly bigger than lower body. The outer lines are barely connected that the eyes, nose and mouth are not clearly distinguished. The atmosphere is heavy and strict with shadow and shade. But there are much more comfortable and stable mood on the post test pictures. Most patients drew all the part of the body with proper proportion such as width between the two feet, shape and size of the feet and hands and etc. This result means that the patients who took a part of this clinical experience had cognized the environment and the patient himself and also made good use of those informations. As a conclusion, this research verifies that Hwatu art therapy can improve the cognitive functions of the dementia patients and also affect positive influence on the all areas of the patients.