Release behavior and photo-image of nifedipine tablet coated with high viscosity grade hydroxypropylmethylcellulose: effect of coating conditions

Abstract

An orally applicable nifedipine-loaded core tablets was coated using high viscosity grade HPMC (100,000cps) in ethanol/water cosolvent. The release of coated tablet was evaluated using USP paddle method in 900ml of simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) for 2h followed by intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) for 10h. The surface morphologies using scanning electron microscope and photo-images using digital camera of coated tablet during the release test were also visualized, respectively. The viscosity of hydro-alcoholic HPMC solution largely decreased as the amount of ethanol increased. There was no significant difference in viscosity among plasticizers used. The distinct and continuous coated layer was observed using scanning electron microscope. However, the surface morphologies were highly dependent on HPMC concentration and ratio of coating solvents. The higher ratio of ethanol/water gave a longer lag time prior to drug release. Lag time also increased as a function of the coating levels based on weight gains due to increased thickness of coated layer. Lag time is inversely correlated with HPMC concentration in ethanol/water (5:1) cosolvent. As the HPMC concentration slightly decreased from 3.8 to 3.2% in hydroalcoholic coating solution, a large increase of lag time was observed. As the swelling (mixing) time of high viscosity grade HPMC in ethanol/water cosolvent increased from 1 to 5h, the release rate was decreased due to enough plasticization of polymer. Based on photo-imaging analysis, the coated tablet was initially swelled and gelled without erosion and disintegration over 5h. The disintegration of the coated tablet was occurred approximately 7h after dissolution, resulting in pulsed release of drug. The high viscosity grade HPMC can be applicable for polymeric coating after careful selection of solvent systems. The release behavior and lag time could be controlled by coating conditions such as HPMC concentration, ethanol/water ratio as a coating solvent, coating level and swelling (mixing) time of coating solution. The current time-controlled release tablet coated with high viscosity grade HPMC with a designated lag time followed by a rapid release may provide an alternative to site specific or colonic delivery of drugs. In addition, the release behavior can be matched with body's circadian rhythm pattern in chronotherapy.