대학원 교육투자수익률에 대한 분석

Abstract

우리나라 사회는 학력에 상당한 비중을 두고 있다. 학력이 좋은 직장에 취직하는 데 중요한 요소로 간주되고 있어 대부분의 고등학생들은 명문대학에 입학하기를 원한다. 고등교육의 급속한 팽창으로 대학원 진학률이 늘어가고 있는 현재, 고학력화가 빠르게 증가함에 따라 교육투자수익률도 증가하는지에 대한 의문도 증가해왔다. 본 연구는 학력 간 임금 격차를 비교 분석하여 교육투자의 상대적인 임금 변화를 검정하였다. 이 연구에서 사용할 교육투자수익률 분석모형은 민서의 임금함수 추정모형이다. 이 연구의 분석 대상은 대학 졸업 이상의 학력을 가진 주 36시간이상 근무하고 있는 30~55세의 남성으로 하여 교육투자수익률을 비교하였다. 여기에 학력뿐만이 아닌 계열 간, 계열 내, 그리고 시간의 변화에 따른 교육투자수익률의 차이에 변화를 알아보았다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. OLS 추정 결과 대학원으로 진학 할수록 수익률이 높게 나타나는 결과를 보였다. 이는 대학원에 진학할수록 더 높은 경제적 수익이 있다는 점을 증명해 준다. 세계 금융위기 전과 후의 교육투자수익률의 차이를 비교하면 연도에 따른 임금격차의 차이의 변화는 없었다. 그렇지만 더 높은 고등교육이 얻을 수 있는 임금 프리미엄은 여전히 높았다. 또한 인기학과로 몰리고 있는 현재의 추세처럼 전공별 교육투자수익률도 그와 비슷한 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 실시한 학력 간 교육투자수익률 분석 결과에 대한 사회적으로 요구되는 적정 고등교육 인력과 고학력 인플레의 원인을 분석할 필요가 있다. 또한 대학원 졸업자들에 대한 노동시장에서의 차별이나 대학 졸업자들과 동등학력으로 인정하는 현상에 대한 원인도 함께 이루어져야 할 것이다.|South Korea is a society that puts great emphasis on educational background. Most high school students are committed to entering top universities as academic background is considered to be an important factor in getting a good job. According to rapid growth of higher education, a question has raised about the rate of return to investment in education in a present status where the ratio of students who go on to a postgraduate school. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in the rate of return to investment in education by educational attainments. An analysis model of the rate of return to investment in education to be utilized in the study is Jacob Mincer's earning-power generation function. Objects of analysis in the study is wage workers, aged from 30 to 55, who have been employed, with restriction to people who have monthly average incomes and educational attainments equal to and higher than those of college graduates. Plus, it is to analyze the wage differentials by major fields. Main results of the study are as follows. By OLS estimation results, there is a difference in the rate of return to investment in education by educational attainments. Such results of the estimation prove that the investment in higher education may make higher wage in the future. There was no change in the wage rates when I compared the rate of return to investment in education before the Global Financial Crisis and after. But it is possible to prediction the demand for higher education will be continuously getting higher. In addition, the data showed, as the current trend in which the investment is heavily skewed in popular majors, that the rate of return to investment in different majors had the similar order. Further studies needed on the analysis of which socially required number of higher education labor force and the cause of inflation of higher education based on the result of the rate of return to investment in the level of education. Moreover, the triggers of the discrimination for the people with graduate degrees in the labor market and the social phenomenon that those people are treated no differently than college graduates should be studied in depth.; South Korea is a society that puts great emphasis on educational background. Most high school students are committed to entering top universities as academic background is considered to be an important factor in getting a good job. According to rapid growth of higher education, a question has raised about the rate of return to investment in education in a present status where the ratio of students who go on to a postgraduate school. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in the rate of return to investment in education by educational attainments. An analysis model of the rate of return to investment in education to be utilized in the study is Jacob Mincer's earning-power generation function. Objects of analysis in the study is wage workers, aged from 30 to 55, who have been employed, with restriction to people who have monthly average incomes and educational attainments equal to and higher than those of college graduates. Plus, it is to analyze the wage differentials by major fields. Main results of the study are as follows. By OLS estimation results, there is a difference in the rate of return to investment in education by educational attainments. Such results of the estimation prove that the investment in higher education may make higher wage in the future. There was no change in the wage rates when I compared the rate of return to investment in education before the Global Financial Crisis and after. But it is possible to prediction the demand for higher education will be continuously getting higher. In addition, the data showed, as the current trend in which the investment is heavily skewed in popular majors, that the rate of return to investment in different majors had the similar order. Further studies needed on the analysis of which socially required number of higher education labor force and the cause of inflation of higher education based on the result of the rate of return to investment in the level of education. Moreover, the triggers of the discrimination for the people with graduate degrees in the labor market and the social phenomenon that those people are treated no differently than college graduates should be studied in depth.