청소년의 식습관과 건강관심도 및 영양지식이 영양보충제 섭취에 미치는 영향

Abstract

본 연구는 청소년들의 영양보충제 섭취 실태를 파악하고 청소년의 식습관과 건강관심도 및 영양지식이 영양보충제 섭취에 미치는 영향을 연구함으로써 성장기 청소년들의 올바른 영양보충제 선택과 섭취를 분석하여 영양교육의 기초자료를 제시하고자 실시되었다. 본 연구 조사대상자는 현재 서울·경기지역을 소재로 8개 중학교와 6개 고등학교를 편의표본 추출하고 재학생을 무작위로 선정하여 336명을 대상으로 2013년 4월 8일부터 4월 30일까지 설문조사를 실시하고 수집하였다. 그 중 최종 회수되어 연구에 사용된 설문지는 236부이며 자료의 처리는, SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 연구문제에 따라 빈도, 백분율, 요인분석(factor analysis), 신뢰도 분석, 회귀분석, 독립표본 t-test(Independent samples t-test)와 일원배치분산분석(One-way Anova), χ2검정(chi square test), 단계적 회귀분석(Stepwise Regression Analysis)을 실시하여 통계분석 하였다. 조사대상자들의 비율은 남학생 56.4%, 여학생 43.6%이고, 중학생은 47% 고등학생은 53%이며, 가정의 월평균 수입은 300만원 미만과 400 만 원 이상이 33.5%로 동일하게 높게 나타났고, 아버지 학력은 고졸 이하 54.7%, 어머니 학력은 고졸 이하 64.4% 로 나타났다. 맞벌이 유무는 유 62.7%, 무 37.3%로 나타났고, 아버지 직업은 근로직, 생산직, 기능직 30.5%, 어머니 직업은 주부 31.4%가 가장 높게 나타났다. BMI는 정상체중 54.2%로 가장 많았다.

본 연구의 연구문제는 청소년의 식습관과 건강관심도 및 영양지식을 알아보고, 이것이 영양보충제 섭취에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하는 것이며, 청소년의 인구통계학적 특성(성별, 부모님의 맞벌이 유무, 부모님의 학력, 가정의 월평균 수입, BMI)에 따른 식습관과 건강관심도 및 영양 지식과 영양 보충제 복용 경험을 분석하였고, 둘째로 청소년의 식습관과 건강관심도 및 영양지식, 영양보충제 복용 경험이 영양보충제 섭취에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이에, 식습관은 규칙적인 주식생활과 균형 잡힌 식단의 2가지 하위요인으로 분류되었고, 건강관심도는 영양관심도와 다이어트 관심도로 2가지 하위요인, 영양보충제 복용경험은 복용경험, 복용요인, 복용 고려사항으로 3가지 하위요인, 영양보충제의 종류와 횟수는 기능성 제품과 영양보급제품으로 2가지 하위요인으로 분류되고, 영양지식은 단일항목으로 묶어 총 10가지 요인으로 분류되었다.

본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.

1. 청소년의 식습관은 남학생(M=3.88)이 규칙적인 주식생활이 더 높게 나타났고, 월 평균 수입은 300-400만원 미만(M=3.91)인 청소년의 규칙적인 주식생활이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 남학생(M=3.83)이 균형 잡힌 식단이 더 높게 나타났다. 2. 선호하는 식단의 종류는 한식이 34.7%로 가장 많았고, 선호하는 식사형태의 종류는 고기류가 68.2%로 가장 많았고, 남학생은 고기류를, 여학생은 과일류를 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 부모님이 맞벌이는 하는 청소년은 고기류를 선호 하였고, 부모님이 맞벌이는 하지 않는 청소년은 과일류를 선호하였다. 선호하는 맛의 종류는 단맛이 35.6%로 가장 많았다. 3.청소년의 건강관심도는 ‘이상형이라고 생각하는 체형이 있다’가 평균 3.44점으로 가장 높게 나타났고, 여학생(M=2.68)이 다이어트 관심도가 더 높게 나타났으며, BMI는 과체중(M=3.37)인 청소년이 다이어트 관심도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 4. 청소년의 영양지식은 가정의 월 평균 수입이 400 만 원 이상(M=0.61)인 청소년이 영양지식이 가장 높게 나타났고, 어머니의 학력이 대졸 이상인 청소년이 영양지식이 더 높게 나타났다. 5. 청소년의 영양보충제 복용 경험은 ‘영양보충제 섭취를 권유한 사람은 가족이다’가 평균 2.69점으로 가장 높게 나타났고, 여학생(M=2.37)의 영양보충제 복용 경험과 영양보충제 복용 고려사항(M=2.42)이 더 높게 나타났다. 월 평균수입은 300-400만원 미만(M=2.39)인 청소년이 영양보충제 복용 고려사항에 대한 인식이 가장 높게 나타났다. 6. 청소년의 영양보충제 종류와 횟수는 ‘비타민 보충제’(M=1.67)가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 남학생(M=1.19)이 기능성 제품에 대한 인식이 더 높게 나타났으며, 영양보충제 섭취 유무는 섭취한 경험이 있는 청소년이 49.2%로 나타났고, 섭취한 경험이 없는 청소년이 50.8%로 나타났다. 아버지 학력이 대졸 이상인 청소년이 영양보충제를 섭취한 경험(57.0%)이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 7. 영양보충제를 섭취한 경험이 있는 청소년이 영양 관심도(M=2.71), 영양보충제 복용경험(M=2.71), 복용요인(M=2.00), 복용 고려사항(M=2.42)의 인식이 더 높게 나타났다. 8. 식습관과 건강관심도 및 영양지식이 복용경험에 미치는 영향으로는 영양 관심도(β=.245, p<.001)가 높을수록 영양보충제 복용 경험이 증가 하고, 복용요인(β=.274, p<.001)에 대한 인식이 높아지며, 복용 고려사항(β=.345, p<.001)에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 9. 식습관과 건강관심도 및 영양지식, 영양보충제 복용 경험이 영양보충제 섭취종류에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면 균형 잡힌 식단(β=.152, p<.05), 영양 관심도(β=.150, p<.05)가 높을수록 기능성제품 섭취가 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 복용경험(β=.639, p<.001), 복용요인(β=-.229, p<.01), 영양 관심도(β=.167, p<.01)가 영양보급 제품에 가장 많은 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 영양보충제 복용 경험과 영양에 대한 관심도가 높을수록 영양보급 제품 섭취가 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 영양보충제 복용요인이 증가 할수록 영양보급 제품 섭취가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구 결과 청소년의 영양보충제 섭취율이 높고, 영양보충제 섭취를 권유하는 가족 또한 비율이 높아, 맞벌이 가정이 점점 증가하는 사회적 요인으로 보아 청소년의 영양 보충제 수요는 점점 증가 할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 영양보충제 섭취에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인이 영양관심도, 균형 잡힌 식단, 영양보충제의 복용경험, 복용요인, 복용 고려사항으로 분석 된 만큼 청소년들이 보다 정확하고, 필수적인 영양보충제를 선택하고 오·남용하지 않도록 영양보충제 섭취에 대한 정확한 영양 정보와 지식이 전달되어야 하며, 정부에서는 이에 맞는 올바른 정책과 사회적 제도가 정비되고 실천되어야 할 것이다. 학교에서도 청소년들에게 올바른 정보제공을 위한 영양교육 프로그램을 만들도록 연구, 교육이 실현되어야 할 것이며, 가정에서도 균형 잡힌 식단과 올바른 영양보충제 섭취를 권유하여, 청소년들이 올바른 건강관리 실천을 할 수 있도록 노력해야 할 것이다.

| This study supplements intakes of adolescents and youth identify Dieatary Behaviors, health and nutrition knowledge of interest to study the effects of nutritional supplements by young people growing the right choice and nutritional supplements have been carried out to analyze the intake. The subjects of this study area in Seoul and Gyeonggi 6 to 8 middle and high school students to the convenience sampling and randomly selected subjects in 2013 and 336 people April 8 to April 30 poll conduct were collected. Among them is the final frequency of questionnaires used in the study and the data processing unit 236, SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 18.0 program, according to the research problem, the frequency, percentage, factor analysis (factor analysis), reliability analysis, regression analysis, correlation analysis, independent sample t-test (Independent samples t-test) and ANOVA analysis (One-way Anova), χ2 Black (chi square test), stepwise regression analysis (Stepwise Regression Analysis) conducted the statistics were analyzed. The problem of this study shares the life and health of youth interest and nutrition knowledge, learn, and this affects how nutritional supplements is to analyze in detail, The youth demographic characteristics (gender, parents 'dual-income status, parents' education level, household monthly income, BMI) according to stock life and health and nutrition knowledge and interest were analyzed with the experience of taking nutritional supplements, and second of youth stock interest in the life and health and nutritional knowledge, nutritional supplements, nutritional supplements with the experience of taking the impact analyzed. Accordingly, the regular stock shares living a balanced life and divided into two kinds of sub-factors, and health concern to the two kinds of interest in nutrition and diet low interest factors, the experience of taking the experience of taking nutritional supplements, taking the factors, taking consideration of three sub-factors, the type and 빈도 of nutritional supplements and functional products nourish the two kinds of products are classified as sub-factors, nutrition knowledge, tied to a single item, a total of 10 were classified as factors. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, The percentage of those surveyed 133 people 56.4% male, 43.6% female and 103 people, 47% of middle school students and 53% of high school students, the average monthly household income less than 3,000,000 won and 4,000,000 won to 33.5% over the same was high, 129 people less than a high school education fathers 54.7%, mothers education less than a high school with 152 people was 64.4%. Have the parents 'dual-income status 148 people earner 62.7%, 37.3%, 88 people with non-appeared, his father a working professional organization, production, trades 72 people 30.5%, 31.4% mothers occupation housewife 74 people was the highest. 54.2% in the normal weight BMI was highest in 128 people. Second, Eating habits of youth male (M = 3.88) higher than the regular Dieatary Behaviors appeared, the average monthly income less than 300 to 4,000,000 won (M = 3.91) of the young people living regular dieatary were higher male (M = 3.83) was higher this well-balanced diet. Third, The kind of diet dietary preference of 34.7% The most common, the preferred form of the kind of meal to 68.2% with the most common meat, meat for male students, female students were found to prefer fruits. Dual-income parents and youth were the preferred meats, nondual-income parents and youth are not prefered fruits. Prefer the sweet kind of taste (35.6%) was the most common. Fourth, Adolescent health concern the 'ideal body shape is to think that' an average of 3.44 points was highest, females (M = 2.68) more interest in the diet was higher, BMI overweight (M = 3.37) of youth This diet was the highest interest. Fifth, Nutritional knowledge of adolescents in the average monthly household income than 4 million won (M = 0.61) of adolescents was highest nutrition knowledge, mother's education is more than a college youth nutrition knowledge was higher. Sixth, Of youth with the experience of taking the supplements 'recommending nutritional supplements is one of the family' average was highest with 2.69 points, girls (M = 2.37) with the experience of taking the nutritional supplements and nutritional supplements taking consideration (M = 2.42 ) was higher. Average monthly income less than 300 to 4,000,000 won (M = 2.39) of youth taking nutritional supplements for consideration was the highest recognition. Seventh, The type and frequency of youth supplements the 'vitamin supplements' (M = 1.67) appeared to be the highest, boys (M = 1.19) more awareness of the functional products was higher nutritional supplements ingested presence 49.2% of youth who have appeared, swallowed by inexperienced youth was 50.8 percent. Father educated youth nutrition supplements more than college experience (57.0%) was the highest. Eighth, Nutritional supplements are experienced in youth interest in nutrition (M = 2.71), with the experience of taking nutritional supplements (M = 2.71), taking the factor (M = 2.00), taking consideration (M = 2.42) was higher perception of . Ninth, Diet and nutrition and health knowledge with the experience of taking interest in the impact of nutritional interest (β = .245, p <.001), the higher the increase in the experience of taking nutritional supplements, and taking the factor (β = .274, p <. 001), increase awareness of taking considerations (β = .345, p <.001) showed that affect. Tenth, Interest in diet and health and nutrition knowledge, the experience of taking nutritional supplements nutritional supplements look at the kind of impact on a balanced diet (β = .152, p <.05), nutrition interest (β = .150, p <.05) The higher the intake of functional products appeared to be increasing, with the experience of taking (β = .639, p <.001), taking the factor (β = - .229, p <.01), nutrition interest (β = .167, p <.01) with supplementation products showed that most influence. With the experience of taking nutritional supplements and nutritional supplementation, the higher the interest in the product appeared to increase intake, nutritional supplements, taking the increase factor supplementation decreased intake of the product. The results of this study are high intake of adolescents nutritional supplements, nutritional supplements are recommended for families also increased the percentage, dual-income families and social factors are increasingly seen as adolescent nutritional supplements is thought to be increasing demand. Nutritional supplements also a major contributor to the nutritional interest, balanced diet, nutritional supplements, taking the experience of taking factors, taking into consideration that many young people are more precise analysis, the essential nutritional supplements to choose misuse, abuse Nutritional supplements do not correct nutritional information and knowledge about to be passed, and the government applies the correct policies and social institutions and practices should be maintained. Young people in school nutrition education program for the provision of the right information to make the research and education will be realized, at home, balanced diet and proper intake of nutritional supplements to encourage youth so that they can practice proper health care to try will.; This study supplements intakes of adolescents and youth identify Dieatary Behaviors, health and nutrition knowledge of interest to study the effects of nutritional supplements by young people growing the right choice and nutritional supplements have been carried out to analyze the intake. The subjects of this study area in Seoul and Gyeonggi 6 to 8 middle and high school students to the convenience sampling and randomly selected subjects in 2013 and 336 people April 8 to April 30 poll conduct were collected. Among them is the final frequency of questionnaires used in the study and the data processing unit 236, SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 18.0 program, according to the research problem, the frequency, percentage, factor analysis (factor analysis), reliability analysis, regression analysis, correlation analysis, independent sample t-test (Independent samples t-test) and ANOVA analysis (One-way Anova), χ2 Black (chi square test), stepwise regression analysis (Stepwise Regression Analysis) conducted the statistics were analyzed. The problem of this study shares the life and health of youth interest and nutrition knowledge, learn, and this affects how nutritional supplements is to analyze in detail, The youth demographic characteristics (gender, parents 'dual-income status, parents' education level, household monthly income, BMI) according to stock life and health and nutrition knowledge and interest were analyzed with the experience of taking nutritional supplements, and second of youth stock interest in the life and health and nutritional knowledge, nutritional supplements, nutritional supplements with the experience of taking the impact analyzed. Accordingly, the regular stock shares living a balanced life and divided into two kinds of sub-factors, and health concern to the two kinds of interest in nutrition and diet low interest factors, the experience of taking the experience of taking nutritional supplements, taking the factors, taking consideration of three sub-factors, the type and 빈도 of nutritional supplements and functional products nourish the two kinds of products are classified as sub-factors, nutrition knowledge, tied to a single item, a total of 10 were classified as factors. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, The percentage of those surveyed 133 people 56.4% male, 43.6% female and 103 people, 47% of middle school students and 53% of high school students, the average monthly household income less than 3,000,000 won and 4,000,000 won to 33.5% over the same was high, 129 people less than a high school education fathers 54.7%, mothers education less than a high school with 152 people was 64.4%. Have the parents 'dual-income status 148 people earner 62.7%, 37.3%, 88 people with non-appeared, his father a working professional organization, production, trades 72 people 30.5%, 31.4% mothers occupation housewife 74 people was the highest. 54.2% in the normal weight BMI was highest in 128 people. Second, Eating habits of youth male (M = 3.88) higher than the regular Dieatary Behaviors appeared, the average monthly income less than 300 to 4,000,000 won (M = 3.91) of the young people living regular dieatary were higher male (M = 3.83) was higher this well-balanced diet. Third, The kind of diet dietary preference of 34.7% The most common, the preferred form of the kind of meal to 68.2% with the most common meat, meat for male students, female students were found to prefer fruits. Dual-income parents and youth were the preferred meats, nondual-income parents and youth are not prefered fruits. Prefer the sweet kind of taste (35.6%) was the most common. Fourth, Adolescent health concern the 'ideal body shape is to think that' an average of 3.44 points was highest, females (M = 2.68) more interest in the diet was higher, BMI overweight (M = 3.37) of youth This diet was the highest interest. Fifth, Nutritional knowledge of adolescents in the average monthly household income than 4 million won (M = 0.61) of adolescents was highest nutrition knowledge, mother's education is more than a college youth nutrition knowledge was higher. Sixth, Of youth with the experience of taking the supplements 'recommending nutritional supplements is one of the family' average was highest with 2.69 points, girls (M = 2.37) with the experience of taking the nutritional supplements and nutritional supplements taking consideration (M = 2.42 ) was higher. Average monthly income less than 300 to 4,000,000 won (M = 2.39) of youth taking nutritional supplements for consideration was the highest recognition. Seventh, The type and frequency of youth supplements the 'vitamin supplements' (M = 1.67) appeared to be the highest, boys (M = 1.19) more awareness of the functional products was higher nutritional supplements ingested presence 49.2% of youth who have appeared, swallowed by inexperienced youth was 50.8 percent. Father educated youth nutrition supplements more than college experience (57.0%) was the highest. Eighth, Nutritional supplements are experienced in youth interest in nutrition (M = 2.71), with the experience of taking nutritional supplements (M = 2.71), taking the factor (M = 2.00), taking consideration (M = 2.42) was higher perception of . Ninth, Diet and nutrition and health knowledge with the experience of taking interest in the impact of nutritional interest (β = .245, p <.001), the higher the increase in the experience of taking nutritional supplements, and taking the factor (β = .274, p <. 001), increase awareness of taking considerations (β = .345, p <.001) showed that affect. Tenth, Interest in diet and health and nutrition knowledge, the experience of taking nutritional supplements nutritional supplements look at the kind of impact on a balanced diet (β = .152, p <.05), nutrition interest (β = .150, p <.05) The higher the intake of functional products appeared to be increasing, with the experience of taking (β = .639, p <.001), taking the factor (β = - .229, p <.01), nutrition interest (β = .167, p <.01) with supplementation products showed that most influence. With the experience of taking nutritional supplements and nutritional supplementation, the higher the interest in the product appeared to increase intake, nutritional supplements, taking the increase factor supplementation decreased intake of the product. The results of this study are high intake of adolescents nutritional supplements, nutritional supplements are recommended for families also increased the percentage, dual-income families and social factors are increasingly seen as adolescent nutritional supplements is thought to be increasing demand. Nutritional supplements also a major contributor to the nutritional interest, balanced diet, nutritional supplements, taking the experience of taking factors, taking into consideration that many young people are more precise analysis, the essential nutritional supplements to choose misuse, abuse Nutritional supplements do not correct nutritional information and knowledge about to be passed, and the government applies the correct policies and social institutions and practices should be maintained. Young people in school nutrition education program for the provision of the right information to make the research and education will be realized, at home, balanced diet and proper intake of nutritional supplements to encourage youth so that they can practice proper health care to try will.