경기도 일부 초등학교 실내공기질의 특성에 대한 연구 - 수원, 화성, 안산 중심으로 -

Abstract

본 연구는 경기도 일부지역인 수원, 안산, 화성의 초등학교를 대상으로 실내공기 오염물질인 미세먼지, 이산화탄소, 폼알데하이드, 총부유세균 및 오존의 연도별, 계절별, 지역별, 학교별 실내공기질 차이의 비교를 통한 실내공기질에 관한 특성을 파악하여 효율적인 학교 실내공기질 관리 방안 등으로 활용하는데 기초적 자료를 제공하는데 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 획득된 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 각 지역 초등학교의 연도별 오염물질의 농도를 분석한 결과 수원지역의 오염물질이 가장 높은 연도로써 미세먼지는 2008년, 이산화탄소는 2009년, 폼알데하이드는 2011년, 총부유세균는 2008년, 오존은 2012년 이었다. 안산지역은 미세먼지는 2009년, 이산화탄소는 2008년, 폼알데하이드는 2009년, 총부유세균는 2009년, 오존은 2012년 이었다. 화성지역은 미세먼지는 2009년, 이산화탄소는 2009년, 폼알데하이드는 2009년, 총부유세균은 2009년, 오존은 2012년으로 나타났다. 각 지역 초등학교의 월별 오염물질 농도를 분석한 결과 오염물질이 가장 높은 달은 수원지역 미세먼지는 12월, 이산화탄소는 11월, 폼알데하이드는 5월, 총부유세균은 11월에 , 오존은 9월이었다. 안산지역은 미세먼지는 12월, 이산화탄소는 12월, 폼알데하이드는 9월, 총부유세균은 10월, 오존은 9월이었다. 화성지역은 미세먼지는 10월, 이산화탄소는 12월, 폼알데하이드는 4월, 총부유세균은 11월, 오존은 6월으로 나타났다. 각 초등학교를 지역별로 오염물질 농도를 분석한 결과 미세먼지는 안산지역, 이산화탄소는 수원지역, 폼알데하이드는 화성지역이 가장 높았다. 총부유세균은 안산 지역, 오존은 화성지역이 가장 높은 측정 결과가 나타났다. 수원, 안산, 화성 지역의 초, 중, 고등학교의 오염물질 농도를 분석한 결과 미세먼지는 중학교가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 이산화탄소, 폼알데하이드는 고등학교가 가장 높았다. 총부유세균은 초등학교가 유의하게 높았고 오존은 초등학교가 가장 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지는 않았다. 미세먼지와 총부유세균의 상관성은 0.294로 유의한 양의 상관을 보였으며(p< 0.01), 이산화탄소와 환경적 요인인 온도, 습도와 상관성은 각 -0.329, -0.188로 유의한 음의 상관성을 보였다(p< 0.01). 총부유세균과 폼알데하이드/온도와의 상관성 분석 결과, 각 상관성은 -0.329, -0.285로 나타났다(p< 0.01). 건축년도와 학급 평균 인원에 따른 실내공기질 요인인 미세먼지, 이산화탄소, 폼알데하이드, 총부유세균, 오존, 온도, 습도의 상관성은 없는 것으로 조사되었다.|This research is to find out characteristics of indoor air quality for elementary schools in some Gyung-Gi areas: Suwon, Ansan and Hwasung by comparing differences of indoor air pollutants: fine dust, carbon dioxide, Formaldehyde, total bioaerosol and Ozone for each school by year, seasons and regions. By doing so, therefore, we aimed to use these results as a base line data that can be used for an effective management plan for indoor air quality of school. The results gained from this research are as follows: As a result of analyzation of pollutants in each school by year-on-year, the year that showed the highest fine dust level is 2008. Accordingly, the highest formaldehyde level was found in 2011. The highest carbon dioxide level was found in 2009 and the highest total bioaerosol was found in 2008 and the highest ozone level was found in 2012. In Ansan city, the highest fine dust and the highest formaldehyde level were found in 2009. The highest carbon dioxide level was found in 2008. The highest total bioaerosol was found in 2009 and the highest ozone level was found in 2012. In Hwasung city, fine dust was 2009, carbon dioxide was 2009, formaldehyde was 2009, total bioaerosol was 2009 and ozone was 2012, respectively. Pollutant levels in each school by months, the month that showed the highest pollutant level in Suwon city was: find dust was in December, carbon dioxide was in November, formaldehyde was in September, total bioaerosol was in November and ozone was in September. In Ansan city, find dust was in December, carbon dioxide was in December, formaldehyde was in September, total bioaerosol was in October and ozone was in September. In Hwasung city, find dust was in October, carbon dioxide was in December, formaldehyde was in April, total bioaerosol was in November and ozone was in June, respectively. Pollutant levels in each school by regions, the highest fine dust level was found in Ansan. The highest carbon dioxide level was found in Suwon, the highest formaldehyde level were found in Hwasung, the highest total bioaerosol was found in Ansan and the highest ozone level was found in Hwasung. Pollutant levels in elementary school, middle school and high school for each city, the highest fine dust level was found in middle school. The highest carbon dioxide level and the highest formaldehyde level were found in high school. The total bioaerosol level was significantly high in elementary school. The ozone level was highest in elementary school but this level did not show any statiscally significant difference. A correlation between find dust and total bioaerosol was 0.294 and it showed significant difference(p< 0.01). The correlation of carbon dioxide with temperature and humidity which are environmental factors was –0.329, -0.188, respectively. they showed significant negative correlation(p< 0.01). The correlation among the total bioaerosol, formaldehyde/temperature was -0.329, -0.285 respectively(p< 0.01). We found that there was any significant correlation for find dust, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, total bioaerosol, ozone, temperature, humidity which are all indoor air quality factors according to a construction year and an average student number in class.; This research is to find out characteristics of indoor air quality for elementary schools in some Gyung-Gi areas: Suwon, Ansan and Hwasung by comparing differences of indoor air pollutants: fine dust, carbon dioxide, Formaldehyde, total bioaerosol and Ozone for each school by year, seasons and regions. By doing so, therefore, we aimed to use these results as a base line data that can be used for an effective management plan for indoor air quality of school. The results gained from this research are as follows: As a result of analyzation of pollutants in each school by year-on-year, the year that showed the highest fine dust level is 2008. Accordingly, the highest formaldehyde level was found in 2011. The highest carbon dioxide level was found in 2009 and the highest total bioaerosol was found in 2008 and the highest ozone level was found in 2012. In Ansan city, the highest fine dust and the highest formaldehyde level were found in 2009. The highest carbon dioxide level was found in 2008. The highest total bioaerosol was found in 2009 and the highest ozone level was found in 2012. In Hwasung city, fine dust was 2009, carbon dioxide was 2009, formaldehyde was 2009, total bioaerosol was 2009 and ozone was 2012, respectively. Pollutant levels in each school by months, the month that showed the highest pollutant level in Suwon city was: find dust was in December, carbon dioxide was in November, formaldehyde was in September, total bioaerosol was in November and ozone was in September. In Ansan city, find dust was in December, carbon dioxide was in December, formaldehyde was in September, total bioaerosol was in October and ozone was in September. In Hwasung city, find dust was in October, carbon dioxide was in December, formaldehyde was in April, total bioaerosol was in November and ozone was in June, respectively. Pollutant levels in each school by regions, the highest fine dust level was found in Ansan. The highest carbon dioxide level was found in Suwon, the highest formaldehyde level were found in Hwasung, the highest total bioaerosol was found in Ansan and the highest ozone level was found in Hwasung. Pollutant levels in elementary school, middle school and high school for each city, the highest fine dust level was found in middle school. The highest carbon dioxide level and the highest formaldehyde level were found in high school. The total bioaerosol level was significantly high in elementary school. The ozone level was highest in elementary school but this level did not show any statiscally significant difference. A correlation between find dust and total bioaerosol was 0.294 and it showed significant difference(p< 0.01). The correlation of carbon dioxide with temperature and humidity which are environmental factors was –0.329, -0.188, respectively. they showed significant negative correlation(p< 0.01). The correlation among the total bioaerosol, formaldehyde/temperature was -0.329, -0.285 respectively(p< 0.01). We found that there was any significant correlation for find dust, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, total bioaerosol, ozone, temperature, humidity which are all indoor air quality factors according to a construction year and an average student number in class.